滋养层干细胞——分离方法、组织学和细胞特性及其在人类和动物模型中的可能应用

Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Medical Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI:10.2478/acb-2020-0012
Rafał Sibiak, Michał Jaworski, Saoirse Barrett, Rut Bryl, P. Gutaj, Jakub Kulus, D. Bukowska, J. Petitte, I. Crha, P. Ventruba, J. Žáková, P. Mozdziak, M. Ješeta, E. Wender-Ożegowska
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引用次数: 1

摘要

胎盘是由母体基底蜕膜和胎源性滋养细胞发育而成的胎母单位的一部分。其早期发育的调控是极其复杂的,尽管难以捉摸的滋养细胞干细胞(TSCs)被认为产生胎盘的胎儿部分。在动物和人类模型中均可分离出tsc。详细地说,TSCs可以有效地从早期妊娠组织-囊胚或早期胎盘组织中获得。小鼠TSCs的分离为人类滋养细胞谱系的分析铺平了道路。人类和动物干细胞都保持着相似的特性——无限制的自我更新和分化成所有滋养细胞系的能力。然而,在不同的物种之间有一些本质的差异,当涉及到它们不同的最佳细胞培养要求时,这些差异尤为明显。此外,在人类和小鼠TSCs模型之间,存在一些关键的干细胞标记基因转录谱差异。体外TSC模型可适应于各种生殖并发症病理生理的阐明。例如,它们的性质可以说明植入过程中观察到的情况或模拟异常胎盘的状态。从实验研究中获得的观察结果可以潜在地解释一些不孕症、先兆子痫和胎儿生长异常的原因。标题:滋养细胞干细胞的最新进展
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Trophoblast stem cells - methods of isolation, histological and cellular characteristic, and their possible applications in human and animal models
Abstract The placenta is a part of feto-maternal unit that develops from the maternal decidua basalis and fetal-derived trophoblast cells. The regulation of its early development is extremely intricate, albeit the elusive trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are thought to give rise to the fetal part of the placenta. TSCs may be isolated in both animal and human models. In detail, TSCs can be efficiently obtained from the early conceptus tissues – blastocysts or early placental tissue. The isolation of murine TSCs pave the way for analyses of human trophoblast cell lineages. Both human and animal stem cells retain similar characteristic properties – the ability for unrestricted self-renewal and differentiation into all trophoblast cell lines. Nevertheless, there are some essential differences across the various species which are especially pronounced when pertaining to their distinct optimal cell culture requirements. Moreover, there are several crucial discrepancies in the stemness marker gene transcription profiles between human and murine TSCs models. In vitro TSC models can be adapted to the elucidation of the pathophysiology of various reproductive complications. For instance, their properties may illustrate the conditions observed during the implantation or simulate the state of abnormal placentation. Observations gained from the experimental studies could potentially explain the cause of some cases of infertility, preeclampsia, and fetal growth abnormalities. Running title: Update on the trophoblast stem cells
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Medical Journal of Cell Biology
Medical Journal of Cell Biology Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Cell Biology
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