Wiktoria Świątek, Olgierd Kłodziński, Michał Ciesielski, Zuzann a Adamkiewicz, Marcin Podolak, P. Mozdziak, W. Kranc
Abstract Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and complex pathology that has garnered significant interest among researchers and clinicians due to its high mortality rates. This research article provides a systematic analysis of key aspects related to glioblastoma, offering comprehensive insights into its underlying complexities. The text explores the epidemiological patterns, etiological factors, and genetic and molecular foundations underlying the development of GBM. It also examines the interplay between the immune system and the tumor, identifying specific immune markers with potential diagnostic value. The article describes the complex processes involved in tumor growth, including its interaction with surrounding tissues, the development of the tumor microenvironment, and the role of stem cells. It also provides an analysis of current treatment options and the challenges they face, particularly in relation to tumor resistance. The article concludes with a thorough examination of the changing landscape of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It highlights notable recent research findings and provides insight into potential advancements that could shape the future of medical interventions for glioblastoma.
{"title":"Glioblastoma: A molecular insight into current discoveries and treatment directions","authors":"Wiktoria Świątek, Olgierd Kłodziński, Michał Ciesielski, Zuzann a Adamkiewicz, Marcin Podolak, P. Mozdziak, W. Kranc","doi":"10.2478/acb-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive and complex pathology that has garnered significant interest among researchers and clinicians due to its high mortality rates. This research article provides a systematic analysis of key aspects related to glioblastoma, offering comprehensive insights into its underlying complexities. The text explores the epidemiological patterns, etiological factors, and genetic and molecular foundations underlying the development of GBM. It also examines the interplay between the immune system and the tumor, identifying specific immune markers with potential diagnostic value. The article describes the complex processes involved in tumor growth, including its interaction with surrounding tissues, the development of the tumor microenvironment, and the role of stem cells. It also provides an analysis of current treatment options and the challenges they face, particularly in relation to tumor resistance. The article concludes with a thorough examination of the changing landscape of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. It highlights notable recent research findings and provides insight into potential advancements that could shape the future of medical interventions for glioblastoma.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"23 2","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Disruptions of the circadian rhythm have shown that it can lead to significant health risks. Factors such as rapid travel across different time zones, increased exposure to artificial light, and the consumption of substances like caffeine contribute to this disruption. Understanding these disruptions and its causes is crucial for improving our health and in finding solutions.
{"title":"The negative effect on human health due to disruption of circadian rhythm in modern times","authors":"Hevind Sharo, Yannick Amann, Sławomir Woźniak","doi":"10.2478/acb-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disruptions of the circadian rhythm have shown that it can lead to significant health risks. Factors such as rapid travel across different time zones, increased exposure to artificial light, and the consumption of substances like caffeine contribute to this disruption. Understanding these disruptions and its causes is crucial for improving our health and in finding solutions.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"127 5","pages":"21 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder as a result of life-threatening situations which in turn affects quality of life through activities of daily living. This is attributed to a plethora of neuromolecular factors negatively affecting the functional make-up of the brain. The complex interplay of these factors include neuronal alterations and neuroplasticity, signalling molecular, astrocyte and glial cell alterations which together act as a survival mechanism in several brain regions.
{"title":"Neuromolecular analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder – the dysregulation in neuronal and signalling pathways","authors":"Livhuwani Nesengani, Vanessa Andrine Sherington, Chloe Snaifer","doi":"10.2478/acb-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder as a result of life-threatening situations which in turn affects quality of life through activities of daily living. This is attributed to a plethora of neuromolecular factors negatively affecting the functional make-up of the brain. The complex interplay of these factors include neuronal alterations and neuroplasticity, signalling molecular, astrocyte and glial cell alterations which together act as a survival mechanism in several brain regions.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"22 S2","pages":"26 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Endometriosis is a gynaecological disease that affects female reproductive organs by the growth of endometrium- like tissues inside and outside the pelvic cavity. This paper explored how endometriosis can lead to increased chances of infertility through a dysregulated immune system and impaired oocyte quality.
{"title":"Understanding endometriosis: a threat to fertility","authors":"Jeya Verschuren","doi":"10.2478/acb-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Endometriosis is a gynaecological disease that affects female reproductive organs by the growth of endometrium- like tissues inside and outside the pelvic cavity. This paper explored how endometriosis can lead to increased chances of infertility through a dysregulated immune system and impaired oocyte quality.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"17 1","pages":"30 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Krupa, Andrzej Mrozek, Jagoda Urbanska, Małgorzata Suchanecka, Katarzyna Siwek
Abstract Connective tissue is an extremely divaricated structure and, unlike other tissues, made up of proteins combined in various configurations. This construction is characterized by high variability and the ability to adapt through the appropriate selection of synthesized matrix components. That feature helps properly stabilize the body’s joints. The content of receptors enables information transfer about stimuli acting on itself and on neighboring structures. This work aims are to collect information about selected forearm structures, its features, functions and receptors content. One of the objectives is to improve the knowledge organization, indicate possible areas to expand and to inspire exploration diversity of connective tissue. Structures described in the article include the transverse carpal ligament, the superficial and deep fascia of the forearm, the interosseous membrane, the flexor retinaculum system and the palmar aponeurosis. These structures are well-known even to inexperienced science students. However, acquired knowledge is still incomplete and possible to explore.
{"title":"Minireview of connective tissue features and selected forearm structures","authors":"Robert Krupa, Andrzej Mrozek, Jagoda Urbanska, Małgorzata Suchanecka, Katarzyna Siwek","doi":"10.2478/acb-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Connective tissue is an extremely divaricated structure and, unlike other tissues, made up of proteins combined in various configurations. This construction is characterized by high variability and the ability to adapt through the appropriate selection of synthesized matrix components. That feature helps properly stabilize the body’s joints. The content of receptors enables information transfer about stimuli acting on itself and on neighboring structures. This work aims are to collect information about selected forearm structures, its features, functions and receptors content. One of the objectives is to improve the knowledge organization, indicate possible areas to expand and to inspire exploration diversity of connective tissue. Structures described in the article include the transverse carpal ligament, the superficial and deep fascia of the forearm, the interosseous membrane, the flexor retinaculum system and the palmar aponeurosis. These structures are well-known even to inexperienced science students. However, acquired knowledge is still incomplete and possible to explore.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrycja Jankowska, Agata Skalska, Hieronim Frąckowiak, Marek Bogdaszewski, Maciej Zdun
Abstract The red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) and the European fallow deer ( Dama dama) belong to the deer family and are found in Eurasia, North America and South America. In Poland, just after the European roe deer, they are the most common cervids. The present study aimed to describe the morphological structure and vascularization of kidneys in red and fallow deer. For this purpose, 96 kidneys were obtained from 48 individuals, which were measured and weighed. Preparations were made using two methods. The first allowed the renal arteries to be injected with stained latex and the soft tissues fixed in a formalin solution. The second is to obtain a corrosive preparation by injecting a self-curing polymer and leaving it in an enzymatic bath. The kidneys of the red deer are larger and heavier than those of the European fallow deer. The relation of the cortex to the medulla is similar between the two species, with a marked difference between wild and farmed specimens, indicating a correlation between kidney morphology and environmental factors. The renal artery is a strongly marked vessel that bifurcates into the cranial renal artery and the caudal renal artery, with subsequent triple segmentation of each, resulting in efficient vascularisation of a vital organ for survival. The information gathered may prove crucial to the future veterinary care of farmed cervids.
{"title":"Structure and arterial vascularization of the kidney in the European fallow deer (Dama dama) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)","authors":"Patrycja Jankowska, Agata Skalska, Hieronim Frąckowiak, Marek Bogdaszewski, Maciej Zdun","doi":"10.2478/acb-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) and the European fallow deer ( Dama dama) belong to the deer family and are found in Eurasia, North America and South America. In Poland, just after the European roe deer, they are the most common cervids. The present study aimed to describe the morphological structure and vascularization of kidneys in red and fallow deer. For this purpose, 96 kidneys were obtained from 48 individuals, which were measured and weighed. Preparations were made using two methods. The first allowed the renal arteries to be injected with stained latex and the soft tissues fixed in a formalin solution. The second is to obtain a corrosive preparation by injecting a self-curing polymer and leaving it in an enzymatic bath. The kidneys of the red deer are larger and heavier than those of the European fallow deer. The relation of the cortex to the medulla is similar between the two species, with a marked difference between wild and farmed specimens, indicating a correlation between kidney morphology and environmental factors. The renal artery is a strongly marked vessel that bifurcates into the cranial renal artery and the caudal renal artery, with subsequent triple segmentation of each, resulting in efficient vascularisation of a vital organ for survival. The information gathered may prove crucial to the future veterinary care of farmed cervids.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateusz Mazurek, Oliwier Pioterek, Mateusz Drążyk, Dariya Pozdnyakova, Oskar Kozłowski, Victoria Tarkowski, Marta Wanat, Bernadetta Nowak, Domagała Zygmunt
Abstract An undescribed junction between the obturator nerve and the saphenous nerve was identified during an autopsy. A case report was conducted using routine dissection techniques, and the material was accessed through a local informed donation program. The case report presented here has an important clinical implications for surgeons operating in the area. An understanding of the anatomy of the obturator nerve and knowledge of its variations is essential for surgical procedures, pain management, radiological diagnosis, and education.
{"title":"An atypical obturator nerve: an anatomical and clinical case report","authors":"Mateusz Mazurek, Oliwier Pioterek, Mateusz Drążyk, Dariya Pozdnyakova, Oskar Kozłowski, Victoria Tarkowski, Marta Wanat, Bernadetta Nowak, Domagała Zygmunt","doi":"10.2478/acb-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An undescribed junction between the obturator nerve and the saphenous nerve was identified during an autopsy. A case report was conducted using routine dissection techniques, and the material was accessed through a local informed donation program. The case report presented here has an important clinical implications for surgeons operating in the area. An understanding of the anatomy of the obturator nerve and knowledge of its variations is essential for surgical procedures, pain management, radiological diagnosis, and education.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The sphenoid bone, an unpaired, irregular, and pneumatic (air-filled) component of the neurocranium, is a clinically important landmark, particularly in surgery and radiology. This bone is often regarded as one of the most complex bones of the skull. This literature review aims to compile peer-reviewed articles concerning the anatomy of the sphenoid bone while briefly exploring its clinical relevance. The sphenoid bone consists of a centrally positioned body containing the sphenoidal sinus, as well as three pairs of processes projecting from the body, namely the greater wings, lesser wings, and pterygoid processes. The sphenoid is closely associated with five cranial nerves (CNs II, III, IV, V 1 , V 2 , and VI) and is adjacent to the pituitary gland. The cavernous sinus, housing the internal carotid artery, lies laterally to the body of the sphenoid. Various neurological conditions, such as injury, inflammation, vascular malformations, aneurysms, and tumors, can either directly impact the sphenoid or occur in close proximity to it. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the sphenoid is indispensable for diagnosing and planning the treatment of these conditions. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the head, including the sphenoid, is essential in clinical practice. It ensures accurate diagnoses, safe surgical procedures, and effective management of diverse conditions affecting the skull, sinuses, brain, and adjacent structures. Inaccuracies or errors in the diagnosis or treatment of such conditions can lead to adverse patient outcomes, including various complications and delayed management of serious neurological conditions.
{"title":"Clinical anatomy of the sphenoid bone and its terminology","authors":"Piotr Paweł Chmielewski","doi":"10.2478/acb-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The sphenoid bone, an unpaired, irregular, and pneumatic (air-filled) component of the neurocranium, is a clinically important landmark, particularly in surgery and radiology. This bone is often regarded as one of the most complex bones of the skull. This literature review aims to compile peer-reviewed articles concerning the anatomy of the sphenoid bone while briefly exploring its clinical relevance. The sphenoid bone consists of a centrally positioned body containing the sphenoidal sinus, as well as three pairs of processes projecting from the body, namely the greater wings, lesser wings, and pterygoid processes. The sphenoid is closely associated with five cranial nerves (CNs II, III, IV, V 1 , V 2 , and VI) and is adjacent to the pituitary gland. The cavernous sinus, housing the internal carotid artery, lies laterally to the body of the sphenoid. Various neurological conditions, such as injury, inflammation, vascular malformations, aneurysms, and tumors, can either directly impact the sphenoid or occur in close proximity to it. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the sphenoid is indispensable for diagnosing and planning the treatment of these conditions. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the head, including the sphenoid, is essential in clinical practice. It ensures accurate diagnoses, safe surgical procedures, and effective management of diverse conditions affecting the skull, sinuses, brain, and adjacent structures. Inaccuracies or errors in the diagnosis or treatment of such conditions can lead to adverse patient outcomes, including various complications and delayed management of serious neurological conditions.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pawel Iwaszkiewicz, Robert Iwanowski, Slawomir Wozniak
Abstract Post-COVID conditions (PCC) are conditions that continue or develop after acute COVID-19 infection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the molecular and metabolic basis of neurological manifestations of PCC, with particular emphasis on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) analysis. MRS is a technique used to measure the concentrations of different metabolites in tissues within the human body (including central nervous system) and may contribute to a more precise understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition and the development of new therapeutic methods.
{"title":"Molecular and metabolic changes in neurological manifestations of Post-COVID conditions with special consideration of spectroscopy MR analysis","authors":"Pawel Iwaszkiewicz, Robert Iwanowski, Slawomir Wozniak","doi":"10.2478/acb-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Post-COVID conditions (PCC) are conditions that continue or develop after acute COVID-19 infection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the molecular and metabolic basis of neurological manifestations of PCC, with particular emphasis on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) analysis. MRS is a technique used to measure the concentrations of different metabolites in tissues within the human body (including central nervous system) and may contribute to a more precise understanding of the pathophysiology of this condition and the development of new therapeutic methods.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mateusz Mazurek, Oliwier Pioterek, Mateusz Drążyk, Marta Wanat, Oskar Kozłowski, Zygmunt Domagała
Abstract During routine dissection for didactic purposes, we found unusual branching pattern of cervical sympathetic trunk. In our case cervical sympathetic trunk had not only superior, middle, and inferior ganglia, but also presented two more ganglia in its main course. One of accessory ganglia was identified to be vertebral ganglion and presented with vertebral loop. All three cardiac cervical nerves emerged from another, extravertebral ganglion, which was supplied from sympathetic trunk. We are convinced that variability of cervical sympathetic trunk is clinically significant in surgery of head, neck, and cervical spine as well as in anatomy education. Therefore, we present our case showing a possible variation of this structure.
{"title":"Unusual pattern of branches and ganglions of cervical sympathetic trunk- single case study with clinical implications","authors":"Mateusz Mazurek, Oliwier Pioterek, Mateusz Drążyk, Marta Wanat, Oskar Kozłowski, Zygmunt Domagała","doi":"10.2478/acb-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/acb-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During routine dissection for didactic purposes, we found unusual branching pattern of cervical sympathetic trunk. In our case cervical sympathetic trunk had not only superior, middle, and inferior ganglia, but also presented two more ganglia in its main course. One of accessory ganglia was identified to be vertebral ganglion and presented with vertebral loop. All three cardiac cervical nerves emerged from another, extravertebral ganglion, which was supplied from sympathetic trunk. We are convinced that variability of cervical sympathetic trunk is clinically significant in surgery of head, neck, and cervical spine as well as in anatomy education. Therefore, we present our case showing a possible variation of this structure.","PeriodicalId":18329,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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