20世纪中期美国的精神分析与反种族主义:另一种视角

IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE History of the Human Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI:10.1177/09526951211042784
Tom Fielder
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引用次数: 1

摘要

美国传统的精神分析史学很少有机会阐述反种族主义的主题,相反,美国的“自我心理学”经常被视为“种族主义”精神分析最尖锐的范例。在这篇文章中,与伯纳姆首先在“新弗洛伊德研究”的标题下确定的史学转向相一致,我区分了精神分析实践者的历史和精神分析思想的历史,以便在史学上开辟另一种视角。事实上,精神分析思想在20世纪中叶的美国文化中无处不在,它们在20世纪40年代和冷战初期的社会科学家、文学艺术家和文化评论家的工作中对种族的心理改造发挥了重要作用,并在1954年布朗诉教育委员会的裁决中达到高潮,这是民权叙事的一个重要里程碑。通过探究精神分析在本世纪中叶反种族主义斗争中的影响,并特别关注理查德·赖特(Richard Wright)和他的自传体小说《黑男孩》(Black Boy),我试图发掘精神分析与种族交叉的另一种历史描述,这为精神分析和人文科学史思考这一时期提供了新的途径。
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Psychoanalysis and anti-racism in mid-20th-century America: An alternative angle of vision
The conventional historiography of psychoanalysis in America offers few opportunities for the elaboration of anti-racist themes, and instead American ‘ego psychology’ has often been regarded as the most acute exemplar of ‘racist’ psychoanalysis. In this article, consistent with the historiographical turn Burnham first identified under the heading of ‘the New Freud Studies’, I distinguish between histories of psychoanalytic practitioners and histories of psychoanalytic ideas in order to open out an alternative angle of vision on the historiography. For psychoanalytic ideas were in fact omnipresent within American culture at mid-century, and they played a fundamental role in the psychological reworking of race that unfolded in the work of social scientists, literary artists, and cultural critics in the 1940s and early Cold War years, culminating in the Brown v. Board of Education ruling of 1954, a major landmark in the civil rights narrative. By pursuing the implications of psychoanalysis in anti-racist struggles at mid-century, and with particular attention to Richard Wright and his autobiographical novel Black Boy, I move towards unearthing an alternative historical account of the intersection between psychoanalysis and race, which offers new ways for psychoanalysis and the history of the human sciences to think about this period.
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来源期刊
History of the Human Sciences
History of the Human Sciences 综合性期刊-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
11.10%
发文量
31
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: History of the Human Sciences aims to expand our understanding of the human world through a broad interdisciplinary approach. The journal will bring you critical articles from sociology, psychology, anthropology and politics, and link their interests with those of philosophy, literary criticism, art history, linguistics, psychoanalysis, aesthetics and law.
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