Health and well-being of first responders: The role of psychological capital, self-compassion, social support, relationship satisfaction, and physical activity

Abstract First responders are frequently exposed to dangerous, high-stress, and traumatic situations, leaving them susceptible to both physical and mental health consequences. The current study explored factors that relate to both health and well-being in 391 first responders (255 males and 136 females), aged 18–64 years. The study’s aim was to explore the role of psychological capital (PsyCap), self-compassion, social support, relationship satisfaction, and physical activity in the health and well-being of first responders. Data was collected using an online survey which was distributed to first responders, including firefighters, police officers, and emergency medical personnel, in the state of Massachusetts, USA. Descriptive and correlational statistics were performed, followed by hierarchical multiple regression analysis and path analysis, revealing that PsyCap, self-compassion, social support, relationship satisfaction, as well as physical activity are key mediating factors impacting the health and well-being of first responders. Findings pose as a foundation and stepping-stone to improve first responders’ health and well-being. In particular, a multifaceted approach to intervention drawing on the combined variables identified in the path model is indicated.