对各国政府、非政府组织和志愿者如何解决营养负荷和有害藻华问题的全球扫描

IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Water Quality Research Journal Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI:10.2166/wqrj.2019.013
É. Foulon, A. Rousseau, Glenn A. Benoy, R. North
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引用次数: 13

摘要

水生生态系统中的有害藻华(HABs)已成为全球关注的问题。本审查涉及世界各地的司法管辖区如何解决这一水质问题,以告知有关密苏里湾-尚普兰湖和孟菲斯湖的营养负荷和有害藻华的建议;位于美国和加拿大的跨界湖泊出现富营养化症状。对文献的全球扫描导致了对大型流域内大型水体的12个案例研究的考虑,不包括湖内地球工程方法。虽然所有的系统都经历了过度的营养负荷,但它们在两个关键方面有所不同:营养来源和富营养化的表现,从有害藻华到有限的娱乐用途,再到内部负荷和鱼类死亡的额外复杂性,再到饮用水的关闭。案例研究根据四类方法进行了分析,即:(i)监管;(2)激发动机的;(三)减轻风险;(四)外展、参与和教育。研究发现,管理框架以流域综合管理规划和国家标准为基础。然而,国家水质标准并没有严格到足以防止有害藻华。总的来说,确定的案例研究并没有成功地纠正有害藻华,他们只是管理它们。
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A global scan of how the issue of nutrient loading and harmful algal blooms is being addressed by governments, non-governmental organizations, and volunteers
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in aquatic ecosystems are of concern worldwide. This review deals with how jurisdictions around the world are addressing this water quality issue to inform recommendations regarding nutrient loading and HABs in Missisquoi Bay-Lake Champlain and Lake Memphremagog; transboundary lakes located in the USA and Canada that suffer from symptoms of eutrophication. A global scan of the literature resulted in the consideration of 12 case studies of large water bodies within large watersheds, excluding in-lake geoengineering approaches. Although all of the systems experience excessive nutrient loading, they vary in two key ways: sources of nutrients and manifestations of eutrophication ranging from HABs, to limited recreational uses, to the additional complexity of internal loadings and fish kills, up to drinking water shutdowns. The case studies were analyzed with respect to four categories of approaches, namely: (i) regulatory; (ii) incentive-based; (iii) risk mitigation; and (iv) outreach, engagement, and educational. We found that the management frameworks are based on integrated watershed management planning and national standards. National water quality standards, however, are not stringent enough to prevent HABs. Overall, identified case studies did not successfully remediate HABs, they simply managed them.
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