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Facile fabricated silver Pterocarpus santilinoides biochar-based inorganic–organic hybrid nanocomposite for the photocatalytic decimation of methylene blue and micro-organisms 简易制备的银紫檀生物炭基无机-有机杂化纳米复合材料,用于光催化分解亚甲基蓝和微生物
IF 2.4 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2024.006
F. Nworie, N. Frank, Emelda Asogwa, Oroke Clinton
This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using an Ag-Pterocarpus santilinoides extract biochar nanocomposites (AgPSBN) followed by characterization and antimicrobial screening of the biogenic photocatalyst. The silver biochar nanocomposite was synthesized by incorporating silver nanoparticles onto the surface of biochar through a facile, biogenic, safe, cost-effective and ecofriendly method. The photosynthesized AgPSBN was porous and spherical with a size of 27 nm range. The UV-spectroscopic analysis indicated spectra band at 648 and 667 nm for biochar and nanocomposite, respectively. The low band gap energy of 2.0 and 1.8 eV for the biochar and nanocomposite, respectively, is an indication that they can be an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of MB and for other energy applications. The percentage removal efficiency of 96.33% indicates high photodegradation ability which remained fairly constant (75%) after five cycle reuse indicating stability of the nanocomposite. The rate constant was evaluated to be 0.008 min−1. The nanocomposite indicated high inhibition zone diameter for Salmonella, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameters of 15, 12, 10, and 8 mm, respectively. The results strongly suggest the nanocomposite to be an effective environmental decontaminant of dyes as well as microbes.
本研究利用银-紫檀提取物生物炭纳米复合材料(AgPSBN)研究亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解,并对这种生物光催化剂进行表征和抗菌筛选。银生物炭纳米复合材料是通过一种简便、生物源、安全、经济和生态友好的方法将银纳米颗粒加入生物炭表面合成的。光合作用生成的 AgPSBN 为多孔球形,尺寸范围为 27 nm。紫外光谱分析显示,生物炭和纳米复合材料的光谱带分别为 648 纳米和 667 纳米。生物炭和纳米复合材料的带隙能分别为 2.0 和 1.8 eV,这表明它们可以成为降解甲基溴和其他能源应用的有效光催化剂。96.33% 的去除率表明光降解能力很强,而且在重复使用五个周期后仍保持相当稳定(75%),这表明纳米复合材料具有稳定性。速率常数为 0.008 min-1。纳米复合材料对沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制区直径分别为 15、12、10 和 8 毫米。这些结果有力地证明了纳米复合材料是一种有效的染料和微生物环境净化剂。
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引用次数: 0
Development of an electrocoagulation method using alternating pulse current to treat wastewater generated by tanneries 开发一种利用交变脉冲电流处理制革厂废水的电凝方法
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2024.020
Hassoun Al Hariri, F. Atallah, Mustafa M. Hathal
Direct current electrocoagulation has various drawbacks, including electrode passivation, heat creation from energy consumption, and high sludge formation. The restrictions limit its usage in tannery wastewater treatment. Therefore, alternating pulse current EC (APC-EC) was developed to solve these obstacles. The study was empirically examined, considering high-frequency (3,000–11,000 Hz), stirring speed (400–1,200 rpm), and reaction time (15–30 min). This research examined how factors affect chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, turbidity from trivalent chromium (Cr+3), and energy consumption for perforated aluminum electrodes. The central composite design in the surface response design approach has improved various operational parameters in the APC-EC process for tannery wastewater treatment. The employment of mathematical and statistical methods resulted in optimal removal of COD, Cr+3, and turbidity while reducing energy usage. Using mathematical and statistical methods, we achieved maximum COD, Cr+3 ion, and turbidity reduction while reducing energy use. The investigation found that COD (70.3%), Cr+3 (89.56%), and turbidity (96%) were the most rapidly removed components at 11,000 Hz, 576 rpm, and 30 min. Surface response data explain high-frequency APC-EC dynamics.
直流电凝法有各种缺点,包括电极钝化、能耗产生热量以及污泥形成率高。这些制约因素限制了其在制革废水处理中的应用。因此,交变脉冲电流电凝(APC-EC)应运而生,以解决这些问题。该研究通过经验进行检验,考虑了高频率(3,000-11,000 赫兹)、搅拌速度(400-1,200 转/分钟)和反应时间(15-30 分钟)。本研究考察了各种因素对化学需氧量(COD)去除效率、三价铬(Cr+3)浊度和穿孔铝电极能耗的影响。表面响应设计方法中的中心复合设计改善了制革废水处理 APC-EC 工艺的各种运行参数。数学和统计方法的应用使 COD、Cr+3 和浊度的去除率达到最佳,同时降低了能耗。利用数理统计方法,我们在降低能耗的同时最大程度地减少了 COD、Cr+3 离子和浊度。调查发现,在 11,000 Hz、576 rpm 和 30 分钟的条件下,COD(70.3%)、Cr+3(89.56%)和浊度(96%)是去除速度最快的成分。表面响应数据解释了 APC-EC 的高频动态。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of different flocculants and environment on the flocculation effect of potato starch-processing wastewater 不同絮凝剂和环境对马铃薯淀粉加工废水絮凝效果的影响
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2024.026
Na Suo, Xiaoqiang Li, Jian Wu
Potato starch-processing wastewater belongs to high-concentration organic wastewater, as direct discharge produce greater pollution to the environment. Flocculation treatment, as the initial process of wastewater purification, can remove large debris in wastewater, reduce energy consumption for subsequent treatment and reduce production costs. In this study, the effects of traditional flocculants and biological flocculants on the treatment of potato starch-processing wastewater under different pH, dosage, stirring rate and settling time were studied. It was found that traditional flocculants and biological flocculants have their own advantages in the purification ability of organic matter, and the removal rates of suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) of traditional flocculants are better than biological flocculants for sweet potato starch-processing wastewater, but the flocculation time and settling time are long. Biological flocculants are environmentally friendly, safe and non-polluting, and do not produce secondary pollution when the flocculation treatment of wastewater is conducive to the secondary reuse of wastewater and flocculation sediment resource treatment. According to the flocculation effect and cost, chitosan is the best flocculant for treating sweet potato starch-processing wastewater.
马铃薯淀粉加工废水属于高浓度有机废水,直接排放会对环境造成较大污染。絮凝处理作为废水净化的初始工艺,可以去除废水中的大颗粒杂物,减少后续处理的能耗,降低生产成本。本研究研究了传统絮凝剂和生物絮凝剂在不同 pH 值、投加量、搅拌速率和沉淀时间下对马铃薯淀粉加工废水的处理效果。研究发现,传统絮凝剂和生物絮凝剂对有机物的净化能力各有优势,传统絮凝剂对甘薯淀粉加工废水悬浮物(SS)和总磷(TP)的去除率优于生物絮凝剂,但絮凝时间和沉淀时间较长。生物絮凝剂环保、安全、无污染,在对废水进行絮凝处理时不会产生二次污染,有利于废水的二次回用和絮凝沉淀物的资源化处理。从絮凝效果和成本考虑,壳聚糖是处理甘薯淀粉加工废水的最佳絮凝剂。
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引用次数: 0
Amyloid fibril–bacterial cellulose nanohybrid membrane cartridge for efficient removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater 用于高效去除工业废水中重金属的淀粉纤维-细菌纤维素纳米杂交膜滤芯
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2024.001
Sachin Vaidh, Aastha Surana, Viraj Nagariya, Ravindrasinh Rahewar, Harsh Prajapati, Dhaval Patel, Alok Pandya, G. S. Vishwakarma
Worldwide, the harmful ion contamination of water has become a serious problem because of unregulated industry, energy production, and mining, which greatly increase the concentration of pollutants in water. The novel membranes through adsorbent self-assembly, such as protein amyloids, were explored for wastewater treatment. Herein, we report amyloid fibril (AF)-embedded bacterial cellulose nanohybrid membrane for efficient removal of heavy metal from industrial effluent. AFs are synthesized by heat treatment using bovine serum albumin and embedded with bacterial cellulose nanomembrane (BCN). The AF-embedded BCN (AF/BCN) was characterized using microscopy and spectroscopic methods. In addition, the well-ordered multi-layered AF/BCN filtration assembly was fabricated in the commercial cartridge and validated for the removal of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Hg2+) from wastewater and treatment of industrial wastewater sample containing heavy metals. Our multi-layered filtration assembly removed Hg+2 and Pb+2 with efficiency of 95 and 78.34%, respectively. A computational study using molecular docking has also been performed for the identification of metal entrapment sites. Moreover, our AF/BCN filtration assembly showed high regeneration capacity up to four cycles. The isotherm model also revealed a strong fit and good adsorption behaviour. This makes potential filtration assembly for low-cost, high-efficiency for the removal of HM from wastewater.
在世界范围内,由于工业、能源生产和采矿业的不规范,水中污染物的浓度大大增加,有害离子污染已成为一个严重问题。人们探索了通过吸附剂自组装的新型膜,如蛋白质淀粉样蛋白,用于废水处理。在此,我们报告了淀粉样纤维(AF)嵌入细菌纤维素纳米杂交膜用于高效去除工业废水中的重金属。淀粉样纤维是用牛血清白蛋白经热处理合成的,并嵌入细菌纤维素纳米膜(BCN)。使用显微镜和光谱方法对嵌入 AF 的 BCN(AF/BCN)进行了表征。此外,还在商用滤芯中制造了有序的多层 AF/BCN 过滤组件,并验证了其在去除废水中的重金属(Pb2+ 和 Hg2+)和处理含重金属的工业废水样品方面的有效性。我们的多层过滤组件去除 Hg+2 和 Pb+2 的效率分别为 95% 和 78.34%。此外,还利用分子对接进行了计算研究,以确定金属截留位点。此外,我们的 AF/BCN 过滤组件显示出高再生能力,可循环使用四次。等温线模型也显示出很强的拟合性和良好的吸附行为。因此,这种过滤组件具有低成本、高效率去除废水中 HM 的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of land use/land cover on water quality: a contemporary review for researchers and policymakers 土地利用/土地覆盖对水质的影响:供研究人员和决策者参考的当代综述
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2024.002
Kent Anson Locke
Few factors are as important in determining water quality as land use/land cover (LULC). Many land use activities, including agriculture, urban development, mining, and commercial forestry, tend to be sources of diffuse pollution. By contrast, indigenous vegetation can act as a sink, thus providing some protection from diffuse anthropogenic contamination. Notwithstanding the large body of research demonstrating these facts, decision-makers require clear and accessible information to assist them in developing effective management plans that are fully cognisant of the manifold impacts of LULC on water resources. Reviewing the available literature, this article, therefore, offers a critical overview of the typical impacts of LULC on water quality. An important strategy for managing water quality highlighted in this article is the maintenance of a sufficient amount of unfragmented natural vegetation, not only within riparian zones but also across catchment areas. However, knowledge gaps identified in this review indicate that further context-specific research is required to determine not only the types and minimum amount of vegetative cover required to protect water resources from diffuse pollution but also the potential impact of landscape fragmentation on the ability of natural vegetation to protect water resources. A critical discussion of these factors is therefore provided.
在决定水质方面,很少有因素能像土地利用/土地覆被 (LULC) 一样重要。许多土地利用活动,包括农业、城市发展、采矿和商业林业,往往是扩散污染的来源。相比之下,本土植被则可以起到汇的作用,从而在一定程度上防止人为污染的扩散。尽管大量研究证明了这些事实,但决策者仍需要清晰易懂的信息,以帮助他们制定有效的管理计划,充分认识到 LULC 对水资源的多重影响。因此,本文在回顾现有文献的基础上,对 LULC 对水质的典型影响进行了批判性概述。本文强调的一项重要水质管理策略是保持足够数量的未被破坏的自然植被,不仅在河岸地带,而且在整个集水区都是如此。然而,本综述中发现的知识差距表明,不仅需要确定保护水资源免受漫射污染所需的植被类型和最低植被覆盖量,还需要确定景观破碎化对自然植被保护水资源能力的潜在影响,因此需要针对具体情况开展进一步研究。因此,本文对这些因素进行了批判性讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative study of wastewater treatment efficiency: ozone vs. atmospheric oxygen with a manganese dioxide catalyst 废水处理效率比较研究:臭氧与含二氧化锰催化剂的大气氧
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2024.033
Sholpan Umbetova, Gulzhan Abylkassova, Dmitriy Spitsov
This study aims to validate the wastewater treatment technique and compare the effectiveness of applying an ozone mixture and atmospheric oxygen in the presence of a catalyst (manganese dioxide) with various dosages. A total of 540 replicates were performed, corresponding to different levels of manganese dioxide concentrations during oxygen and ozone delivery (270 repetitions for each of the experiments). The research was carried out using an experimental setup developed by the authors. The maximum efficiency of oxidation processes was observed within 15–30 min after the start of the treatment cycle. The decrease in the level of chemical oxygen demand within the first quarter-hour during ozone treatment was significantly greater compared to atmospheric oxygen treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The method's efficiency increased to 53% for ozone and 41% for oxygen after 30 min of purification (p ≤ 0.05). Lower catalyst consumption was observed when using an ozone mixture. The tested technology can be recommended for wastewater treatment with high hydrocarbon concentrations. The findings of the study indicated the potential application of ozone treatment with a manganese catalyst for treating wastewater with high hydrocarbon content, thereby fostering the development of more effective water purification methods in the industrial sector.
本研究旨在验证废水处理技术,并比较在催化剂(二氧化锰)存在的情况下使用臭氧混合物和大气氧气的效果。共进行了 540 次重复实验,分别对应氧气和臭氧输送过程中二氧化锰浓度的不同水平(每次实验重复 270 次)。研究使用了作者开发的实验装置。在处理周期开始后的 15-30 分钟内,氧化过程的效率达到最高。在臭氧处理过程中,化学需氧量在第一刻钟内的下降幅度明显大于大气氧处理(p ≤ 0.05)。净化 30 分钟后,臭氧和氧气的净化效率分别提高到 53% 和 41%(p ≤ 0.05)。使用臭氧混合物时,催化剂消耗量较低。在处理碳氢化合物浓度较高的废水时,可推荐使用所测试的技术。研究结果表明,使用锰催化剂的臭氧处理技术有可能用于处理碳氢化合物含量较高的废水,从而促进工业部门开发更有效的水净化方法。
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引用次数: 0
Profiling and evaluation of phenolic compounds in olive mill wastewater in Jordan 约旦橄榄油厂废水中酚类化合物的分析与评估
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2024.024
Reham M. Abu Shmeis, Ibrahim N. Tarawneh, Amneh T. Issa
Phenolic compounds (PCs) are prevalent in olive mill wastewater (OMW), offering numerous health benefits but concurrently posing environmental challenges. This study aims to comprehensively characterize PCs in OMW, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We have successfully developed an accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective method for extracting and quantifying seven PCs in OMW. The extraction procedure was optimized to achieve the highest recovery through the adaptation of a liquid–liquid extraction method. The concentrations of the identified PCs were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Successfully separated on an RP-C8 column within a 23-min runtime, the seven peaks were eluted by employing a gradient mobile phase. The method underwent thorough validation, producing satisfactory results. Subsequently, the developed method was applied to analyze OMW from four olive mills in Jordan. Revealing PC concentrations ranging from 139 to 430 mg/L, tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol were identified as the most abundant compounds. Additionally, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to separate and identify 40 PCs. The total phenolic content was also quantified and found to be 1,839 mg/L. Moreover, the antioxidant activity was assessed, yielding a maximum value of 95.8%. These results underscore the substantial levels of PCs in OMW, highlighting the importance of economically utilizing this water.
酚类化合物(PCs)普遍存在于橄榄油加工厂废水(OMW)中,对健康有诸多益处,但同时也带来了环境挑战。本研究旨在全面定性和定量分析 OMW 中的多酚化合物。我们成功地开发出了一种准确、灵敏且经济高效的方法,用于提取和定量分析 OMW 中的七种多氯联苯。通过对液液萃取法进行优化,萃取过程达到了最高的回收率。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)测定了所鉴定的多氯联苯的浓度。在 RP-C8 色谱柱上,采用梯度流动相洗脱,在 23 分钟的运行时间内成功分离出七个色谱峰。该方法经过全面验证,结果令人满意。随后,将所开发的方法用于分析约旦四家橄榄油加工厂的 OMW。结果表明,多氯联苯的浓度在 139 至 430 毫克/升之间,酪醇和羟基酪醇是含量最高的化合物。此外,气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)还用于分离和鉴定 40 种多酚化合物。此外,还对总酚含量进行了定量,发现其含量为 1 839 毫克/升。此外,还对抗氧化活性进行了评估,最高值为 95.8%。这些结果表明,OMW 中含有大量多氯联苯,突出了经济利用这种水的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the effectiveness of artificially replicated lake systems in predicting eutrophication indicators: a comparative data-driven analysis 考察人工复制湖泊系统在预测富营养化指标方面的有效性:数据驱动的比较分析
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2024.014
Biswajit Bhagowati, K. U. Ahamad
Data-driven models for the prediction of lake eutrophication essentially rely on water quality datasets for a longer duration. If such data are not readily available, lake management through data-driven modeling becomes impractical. So, a novel approach is presented here for the prediction of eutrophication indicators, such as dissolved oxygen, Secchi depth, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, in the waterbodies of Assam, India. These models were developed using water quality datasets collected through laboratory investigation in artificially simulated lake systems. Two artificial prototype lakes were eutrophied in a controlled environment with the gradual application of wastewater. A periodic assessment of water quality was done for model development. Data-driven modeling in the form of multilayer perceptron (MLP), time-delay neural network (TDNN), support vector regression (SVR), and Gaussian process regression (GPR) were utilized. The trained model's accuracy was evaluated based on statistical parameters and a reasonable correlation was observed between targeted and model predicted values. Finally, the trained models were tested against some natural waterbodies in Assam and a satisfactory prediction accuracy was obtained. TDNN and GPR models were found superior compared to other methods. Results of the study indicate feasibility of the adopted modeling approach in predicting lake eutrophication when periodic water quality data are limited for the waterbody under consideration.
预测湖泊富营养化的数据驱动模型主要依赖于较长时间的水质数据集。如果没有现成的数据,通过数据驱动模型进行湖泊管理就变得不切实际。因此,本文介绍了一种预测印度阿萨姆邦水体富营养化指标(如溶解氧、Secchi 深度、总氮和总磷)的新方法。这些模型是利用通过实验室调查在人工模拟湖泊系统中收集的水质数据集开发的。两个人工原型湖泊是在受控环境中逐步施用废水而富营养化的。为开发模型,对水质进行了定期评估。利用多层感知器(MLP)、延时神经网络(TDNN)、支持向量回归(SVR)和高斯过程回归(GPR)等形式的数据驱动建模。根据统计参数评估了训练模型的准确性,并观察到目标值与模型预测值之间存在合理的相关性。最后,针对阿萨姆邦的一些自然水体对训练有素的模型进行了测试,并获得了令人满意的预测精度。与其他方法相比,TDNN 和 GPR 模型更胜一筹。研究结果表明,在所考虑水体的定期水质数据有限的情况下,所采用的建模方法在预测湖泊富营养化方面是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
Development and evaluation of filter for canal water potability 开发和评估运河水饮用过滤器
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2023.009
V. Tiwari, J. Singh, P. Sahota, N. N. Singh, K. Singh
Low-cost portable water filter having a capacity of 15 l for an average small family size was designed, developed, and fabricated for canal water potability. The volume and thickness of filter media were computed and found to be 4,544 cm3 and 5.6 cm, respectively. The provision for injection of sodium hypochlorite solution was made for the removal of bacterial contaminants and calibrated to be 1.5 mL for 15 l of water to maintain the required level of residual chlorine content (2–5 ppm) which was supplied through the pumping unit. The adsorbed contaminants on the filter media could be removed by placing them in 3 l of boiled water for 2 min. The experiment was conducted to determine the settlement duration of suspended solids in canal water and found to be 8 h, thereafter allowing it for filtration. The performance of the developed filter was evaluated by analyzing water quality parameters of the canal water before and after filtration. The values of BOD, chemical oxygen demand (COD), MPN, TDS, pH, and residual chlorine of filtered water were found to be within the permissible limit. The cost of the developed filter was estimated to be INR 1,300 which is economically viable, technically feasible, and easily portable.
设计、开发和制造了低成本便携式滤水器,滤水量为 15 升,适合普通小家庭使用。经计算,滤料的体积和厚度分别为 4 544 立方厘米和 5.6 厘米。注入次氯酸钠溶液是为了去除细菌污染物,并校准为每 15 升水注入 1.5 毫升次氯酸钠溶液,以保持所需的余氯含量(百万分之 2-5)。将吸附在过滤介质上的污染物放入 3 升沸水中煮 2 分钟即可去除。实验确定了悬浮固体在运河水中的沉降时间,结果发现沉降时间为 8 小时,然后进行过滤。通过分析过滤前后运河水的水质参数,对所开发过滤器的性能进行了评估。结果发现,过滤水的生化需氧量(BOD)、化学需氧量(COD)、中性粒径(MPN)、总淀粉含量(TDS)、pH 值和余氯值均在允许范围内。据估计,所开发过滤器的成本为 1,300 印度卢比,经济上可行,技术上可行,而且便于携带。
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引用次数: 0
Phosphorus removal and recovery from anaerobic bioreactor effluent using a batch electrocoagulation process 间歇式电絮凝法去除厌氧生物反应器出水中的磷
IF 2.3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.2166/wqrj.2023.111
G. P. Bhoi, Kripa S. Singh, Dennis A. Connor
A batch monopolar electrocoagulation system was developed and studied for the removal of phosphorus from anaerobic bioreactor effluent using iron as an electrode material. The study focused on the optimization of the independent variables, such as initial pH, retention time (RT), current density (CD) and inter-electrode distance (IED) using the response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize the removal of total phosphorus (TP). A quadratic model was fitted to the experimental data for TP removal. The optimal parameters were found to be pH of 6.75, RT of 11.06 min, CD of 300 A/m2, and inter-electrode distance of 1.5 cm resulting in 98.05% TP removal and energy consumption of 1.28 kWh/m3. A kinetic study for TP removal revealed that at optimal conditions, removal followed first-order kinetics (K = 0.185 m/min). Phosphorus was recovered from the post-precipitated sludge through combustion at 900 °C followed by acid leaching with sulfuric acid. Acid leaching tests were carried out with sulfuric acid for the post-precipitated sludge obtained at the optimum conditions. It resulted in around 91% of phosphorus recovery at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 100 mL/g.
以铁为电极材料,开发并研究了一种间歇式单极电絮凝系统对厌氧生物反应器出水中磷的去除。本研究的重点是使用响应面法(RSM)优化自变量,如初始pH、保留时间(RT)、电流密度(CD)和电极间距离(IED),以最大限度地去除总磷(TP)。将二次模型拟合到TP去除的实验数据中。最佳参数为pH为6.75,RT为11.06min,CD为300A/m2,电极间距离为1.5cm,TP去除率为98.05%,能耗为1.28kWh/m3。TP去除的动力学研究表明,在最佳条件下,去除遵循一级动力学(K=0.185 m/min)。通过在900°C下燃烧,然后用硫酸进行酸浸,从后沉淀污泥中回收磷。对在最佳条件下获得的后沉淀污泥进行了硫酸酸浸试验。在100mL/g的液固比下,它导致约91%的磷回收率。
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引用次数: 0
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