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引用次数: 0

摘要

没有不断的发展和改进,任何行业的运作都是不可能的,而这反过来又导致了变革的引入。任何组织的有效运作都离不开系统的、长期的发展,而管理组织变革的过程在其中起着主要作用。一些变化直接依赖于组织内的决策,另一些变化与外部的决策有关,而完全其他的决策只能预测。所有计划或未计划的变化都必然对教育机构产生影响。本研究的目的是对教育机构在变革条件下的管理进行理论论证,识别阻碍其实施过程的因素。采用的研究方法有:分析法、归纳法、系统化、问卷调查法。研究发现,教育组织变革管理的特点是:教育变革的特殊性;教育变化之间的差异;教育过程的组成部分;教育创新管理的功能特殊性。对教育变革的研究采用了专门的方法,包括:教育创新及其管理领域的分组法、不同层次教育创新管理系统建模法、排名法、类比法。已经确定了这些类型的教育变化:教学、技术-技术、经济、社会、体制、政治-管理。研究了阻碍教育机构实施变革过程的因素,即:教学人员的定性和定量组成、教育过程参与者的数量、教育机构负责人实施变革的愿望、机构的财政支持水平。确定了有效实施教育机构变革的以下因素:团队的心理和财务刺激,教育机构负责人和教师的动机,变革的可视化,不断监测,变革实施的分析和集体愿景的形成。阻碍教育机构变革实施成效的原因有:变革实施经验不足、变革管理负责人的能力水平低、变革与教育用户的要求不一致、影响教育机构整体活动的外部因素。
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Changes in the management of an educational institution: factors and risks
The functioning of any industry is impossible without constant development and improvement, which, in turn, leads to the introduction of changes. Effective functioning of any organization is impossible without systematic and long-term development, in which the process of managing organizational changes plays the main role. Some changes directly depend on decisions made in an organization, others are related to decisions made from outside, and completely other decisions are only predicted. All changes that were planned or not planned necessarily have consequences for an educational institution. The purpose of the study is the theoretical justification of the management of an educational institution under conditions of changes, the identification of factors inhibiting the process of their implementation. The research methods used are as follows: analysis, generalization, systematization, questionnaire. It was revealed that the characteristics of change management in educational organizations are: peculiarity of educational change; differences between educational changes; components of the educational process; functions particularity of innovative management of education. The study of educational changes is carried out with the help of special methods, including: the method of groupings, the method of modeling a management system of educational innovations at different levels, the method of ranking, the method of analogy in the field of innovations in education and their management. These types of educational changes have been identified: pedagogical, technical-technological, economic, social, institutional, political-managerial. Factors inhibiting the process of implementing changes in educational institutions were studied, namely: the qualitative and quantitative composition of the teaching staff, the number of participants in the educational process, the desire of the head of an educational institution to implement changes, the level of financial support of an institution. The following factors for the effective implementation of changes in educational institutions have been determined: psychological and financial stimulation of a team, motivation of the head of an educational institution and teachers, visualization of changes, constant monitoring, analysis of the implementation of changes and formation of a collective vision. The reasons that hinder the effectiveness of implementing changes in educational institutions are: lack of experience in implementing changes, low level of competence of the head of change management and inconsistency of changes with the requests of education users, external factors that affect institution's activity as a whole.
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