重新思考河流生态系统中的生物多样性模式和过程

IF 7.1 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Ecological Monographs Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI:10.1002/ecm.1520
Matthew D. Green, Kurt E. Anderson, David B. Herbst, Marko J. Spasojevic
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引用次数: 6

摘要

群落生态学的一个主要目标是了解沿空间和环境梯度产生生物多样性格局的过程。在河流生态系统中,系统特定的概念框架主导了描述河流网络纵向梯度生物多样性变化的研究。然而,对这些概念框架的支持是混合的,主要适用于特定的河流生态系统和生物群系,这些框架很少强调驱动生物多样性模式的一般机制。重新思考河流生态系统中的生物多样性模式和过程,重点关注跨生态系统共同的总体机制,将有助于更全面地理解为什么生物多样性模式沿河流网络变化。在本研究中,我们将生态群落理论(TEC)概念框架应用于河流生态系统,明确关注构成群落的核心生态过程:扩散、物种形成、生态位选择和生态漂变。通过对高海拔湖泊和溪流连接网络的独特案例研究,我们对美国加利福尼亚州内华达山脉的溪流无脊椎动物群落进行了采样,以测试已建立的溪流生态框架,并将其与TEC框架进行了比较。从源头向下游移动,局部多样性增加,β-多样性减少,符合河流连续体概念和小而有力的山溪生物多样性框架。局部多样性也由上游湖泊以下距离构成,多样性随着上游湖泊以下距离的增加而增加,支持序列不连续概念。尽管从河流生态学框架中预测的生物多样性模式得到了一些支持,但没有一个框架得到完全支持,这表明存在“上下文依赖”。在TEC框架下,我们发现物种多样性是由生态位选择构成的,在环境有利的地点,当地多样性最高。在群落规模较小的地点,当地多样性也最高,这与生态漂变的预测效应相反。此外,上游较高的β-多样性受分散和生态位选择的影响,在环境恶劣和空间隔离的地点表现出较高的群落变异。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,将系统特定的生态框架与TEC相结合,为推断驱动生物多样性模式的机制提供了一种强有力的方法,并为跨生态系统的生物多样性研究提供了一条推广途径。
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Rethinking biodiversity patterns and processes in stream ecosystems

A major goal of community ecology is understanding the processes responsible for generating biodiversity patterns along spatial and environmental gradients. In stream ecosystems, system-specific conceptual frameworks have dominated research describing biodiversity change along longitudinal gradients of river networks. However, support for these conceptual frameworks has been mixed, mainly applicable to specific stream ecosystems and biomes, and these frameworks have placed less emphasis on general mechanisms driving biodiversity patterns. Rethinking biodiversity patterns and processes in stream ecosystems with a focus on the overarching mechanisms common across ecosystems will provide a more holistic understanding of why biodiversity patterns vary along river networks. In this study, we apply the theory of ecological communities (TEC) conceptual framework to stream ecosystems to focus explicitly on the core ecological processes structuring communities: dispersal, speciation, niche selection, and ecological drift. Using a unique case study from high-elevation networks of connected lakes and streams, we sampled stream invertebrate communities in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA to test established stream ecology frameworks and compared them with the TEC framework. Local diversity increased and β-diversity decreased moving downstream from the headwaters, consistent with the river continuum concept and the small but mighty framework of mountain stream biodiversity. Local diversity was also structured by distance below upstream lakes, where diversity increased with distance below upstream lakes, in support of the serial discontinuity concept. Despite some support for the biodiversity patterns predicted from the stream ecology frameworks, no single framework was fully supported, suggesting “context dependence.” By framing our results under the TEC, we found that species diversity was structured by niche selection, where local diversity was highest in environmentally favorable sites. Local diversity was also highest in sites with small community sizes, countering the predicted effects of ecological drift. Moreover, higher β-diversity in the headwaters was influenced by dispersal and niche selection, where environmentally harsh and spatially isolated sites exhibit higher community variation. Taken together our results suggest that combining system-specific ecological frameworks with the TEC provides a powerful approach for inferring the mechanisms driving biodiversity patterns and provides a path toward generalization of biodiversity research across ecosystems.

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来源期刊
Ecological Monographs
Ecological Monographs 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
12.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
61
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The vision for Ecological Monographs is that it should be the place for publishing integrative, synthetic papers that elaborate new directions for the field of ecology. Original Research Papers published in Ecological Monographs will continue to document complex observational, experimental, or theoretical studies that by their very integrated nature defy dissolution into shorter publications focused on a single topic or message. Reviews will be comprehensive and synthetic papers that establish new benchmarks in the field, define directions for future research, contribute to fundamental understanding of ecological principles, and derive principles for ecological management in its broadest sense (including, but not limited to: conservation, mitigation, restoration, and pro-active protection of the environment). Reviews should reflect the full development of a topic and encompass relevant natural history, observational and experimental data, analyses, models, and theory. Reviews published in Ecological Monographs should further blur the boundaries between “basic” and “applied” ecology. Concepts and Synthesis papers will conceptually advance the field of ecology. These papers are expected to go well beyond works being reviewed and include discussion of new directions, new syntheses, and resolutions of old questions. In this world of rapid scientific advancement and never-ending environmental change, there needs to be room for the thoughtful integration of scientific ideas, data, and concepts that feeds the mind and guides the development of the maturing science of ecology. Ecological Monographs provides that room, with an expansive view to a sustainable future.
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