Analysis and classification of arrhythmia types using improved firefly optimization algorithm and autoencoder model

In the present scenario, Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an effective non-invasive clinical tool, which reveals the functionality and rhythm of the heart. The non-stationary nature of ECG signal, noise existence, and heartbeat abnormality makes it difficult for clinicians to diagnose arrhythmia. The most of the existing models concentrate only on classification accuracy. In this manuscript, an automated model is introduced that concentrates on arrhythmia type classification using ECG signals, and also focuses on computational complexity and time. After collecting the signals from the MIT-BIH database, the signal transformation and decomposition are performed by Multiscale Local Polynomial Transform (MLPT) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD). The decomposed ECG signals are given to the feature extraction phase for extracting features. The feature extraction phase includes six techniques: standard deviation, zero crossing rate, mean curve length, Hjorth parameters, mean Teager energy, and log energy entropy. Next, the feature dimensionality reduction and arrhythmia classification are performed utilizing the improved Firefly Optimization Algorithm and autoencoder. The selection of optimal feature vectors by the improved Firefly Optimization Algorithm reduces the computational complexity to linear and consumes computational time of 18.23 seconds. The improved Firefly Optimization Algorithm and autoencoder model achieved 98.96% of accuracy in the arrhythmia type classification, which is higher than the comparative models.