Silvina Larran , María Rosa Simón , María Pilar Santamarina , Josefa Roselló Caselles , Verónica Fabiana Consolo , Analía Perelló
{"title":"内生木霉菌株促进大豆生长,促进炭腐病防治","authors":"Silvina Larran , María Rosa Simón , María Pilar Santamarina , Josefa Roselló Caselles , Verónica Fabiana Consolo , Analía Perelló","doi":"10.1016/j.jssas.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Charcoal rot, caused by <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em> (Tassi) Goid., is one of the world's most serious diseases because it reduces yield and seed quality. Nowadays, biological control is an environment-friendly option for controlling plant diseases. The goals of this study were to (i) test eight endophytic <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. strains as biocontrol agents against <em>M. phaseolina</em> and (ii) further investigate two selected strains showing good behaviour against the pathogen. Pathogen-antagonist interactions were studied in dual culture, and the morphological alterations of <em>M. phaseolina</em> mycelia in the interaction zone were examined by light microscopy. <em>Trichoderma</em> strains were applied to soya bean seeds by a seed coating technique. Their bioprotective effects were assessed by <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> assays to evaluate radicle length, the germination percentage and the presence of typical charcoal rot symptoms in seedlings. Two <em>Trichoderma</em> strains were selected and they were molecularly identified as <em>T. harzianum</em> species complex<em>.</em> Their antagonistic ability against <em>M. phaseolina</em> was evaluated under different water availability conditions. The mechanisms used by these two endophytic strains against the pathogen were evaluated by cryo-scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that all eight <em>Trichoderma</em> strains successfully performed biocontrol activity against <em>M. phaseolina</em> by reducing colony growth and causing morphological alterations in the mycelia of <em>M. phaseolina</em>. All endophytes improved seed germination and radicle length, and reduced typical symptoms and disease progression on seedlings. Water availability in the medium impacted on fungal growth. At 0.995 ɑ<sub>w</sub>, all the fungi grew more and faster. At 0.95 ɑ<sub>w</sub> <em>M. phaseolina</em> grew more than the <em>Trichoderma</em> strains<em>,</em> while the pathogen grew slightly more at 0.98 ɑ<sub>w</sub> than the <em>Trichoderma</em> strains. However, both selected <em>Trichoderma</em> strains grew larger and faster than the pathogen at 0.995 ɑ<sub>w</sub>. The mechanisms involved in pathogen control revealed by the light and cryo-scanning microscopy studies included competition for nutrients or space and direct mycoparasitism. All the endophytic <em>Trichoderma</em> strains were antagonistic against <em>M. phaseolina,</em> however our study allowed us to select two <em>Trichoderma</em> strains with good potential to be included for charcoal rot management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17560,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences","volume":"22 7","pages":"Pages 395-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Endophytic Trichoderma strains increase soya bean growth and promote charcoal rot control\",\"authors\":\"Silvina Larran , María Rosa Simón , María Pilar Santamarina , Josefa Roselló Caselles , Verónica Fabiana Consolo , Analía Perelló\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jssas.2023.03.005\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Charcoal rot, caused by <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em> (Tassi) Goid., is one of the world's most serious diseases because it reduces yield and seed quality. Nowadays, biological control is an environment-friendly option for controlling plant diseases. The goals of this study were to (i) test eight endophytic <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. strains as biocontrol agents against <em>M. phaseolina</em> and (ii) further investigate two selected strains showing good behaviour against the pathogen. Pathogen-antagonist interactions were studied in dual culture, and the morphological alterations of <em>M. phaseolina</em> mycelia in the interaction zone were examined by light microscopy. <em>Trichoderma</em> strains were applied to soya bean seeds by a seed coating technique. Their bioprotective effects were assessed by <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> assays to evaluate radicle length, the germination percentage and the presence of typical charcoal rot symptoms in seedlings. Two <em>Trichoderma</em> strains were selected and they were molecularly identified as <em>T. harzianum</em> species complex<em>.</em> Their antagonistic ability against <em>M. phaseolina</em> was evaluated under different water availability conditions. The mechanisms used by these two endophytic strains against the pathogen were evaluated by cryo-scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that all eight <em>Trichoderma</em> strains successfully performed biocontrol activity against <em>M. phaseolina</em> by reducing colony growth and causing morphological alterations in the mycelia of <em>M. phaseolina</em>. All endophytes improved seed germination and radicle length, and reduced typical symptoms and disease progression on seedlings. Water availability in the medium impacted on fungal growth. At 0.995 ɑ<sub>w</sub>, all the fungi grew more and faster. At 0.95 ɑ<sub>w</sub> <em>M. phaseolina</em> grew more than the <em>Trichoderma</em> strains<em>,</em> while the pathogen grew slightly more at 0.98 ɑ<sub>w</sub> than the <em>Trichoderma</em> strains. However, both selected <em>Trichoderma</em> strains grew larger and faster than the pathogen at 0.995 ɑ<sub>w</sub>. The mechanisms involved in pathogen control revealed by the light and cryo-scanning microscopy studies included competition for nutrients or space and direct mycoparasitism. All the endophytic <em>Trichoderma</em> strains were antagonistic against <em>M. phaseolina,</em> however our study allowed us to select two <em>Trichoderma</em> strains with good potential to be included for charcoal rot management.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17560,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences\",\"volume\":\"22 7\",\"pages\":\"Pages 395-406\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-10-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658077X23000346\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Agricultural and Biological Sciences\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658077X23000346","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
Endophytic Trichoderma strains increase soya bean growth and promote charcoal rot control
Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is one of the world's most serious diseases because it reduces yield and seed quality. Nowadays, biological control is an environment-friendly option for controlling plant diseases. The goals of this study were to (i) test eight endophytic Trichoderma spp. strains as biocontrol agents against M. phaseolina and (ii) further investigate two selected strains showing good behaviour against the pathogen. Pathogen-antagonist interactions were studied in dual culture, and the morphological alterations of M. phaseolina mycelia in the interaction zone were examined by light microscopy. Trichoderma strains were applied to soya bean seeds by a seed coating technique. Their bioprotective effects were assessed by in vitro and in vivo assays to evaluate radicle length, the germination percentage and the presence of typical charcoal rot symptoms in seedlings. Two Trichoderma strains were selected and they were molecularly identified as T. harzianum species complex. Their antagonistic ability against M. phaseolina was evaluated under different water availability conditions. The mechanisms used by these two endophytic strains against the pathogen were evaluated by cryo-scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that all eight Trichoderma strains successfully performed biocontrol activity against M. phaseolina by reducing colony growth and causing morphological alterations in the mycelia of M. phaseolina. All endophytes improved seed germination and radicle length, and reduced typical symptoms and disease progression on seedlings. Water availability in the medium impacted on fungal growth. At 0.995 ɑw, all the fungi grew more and faster. At 0.95 ɑwM. phaseolina grew more than the Trichoderma strains, while the pathogen grew slightly more at 0.98 ɑw than the Trichoderma strains. However, both selected Trichoderma strains grew larger and faster than the pathogen at 0.995 ɑw. The mechanisms involved in pathogen control revealed by the light and cryo-scanning microscopy studies included competition for nutrients or space and direct mycoparasitism. All the endophytic Trichoderma strains were antagonistic against M. phaseolina, however our study allowed us to select two Trichoderma strains with good potential to be included for charcoal rot management.
期刊介绍:
Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences is an English language, peer-review scholarly publication which publishes research articles and critical reviews from every area of Agricultural sciences and plant science. Scope of the journal includes, Agricultural Engineering, Plant production, Plant protection, Animal science, Agricultural extension, Agricultural economics, Food science and technology, Soil and water sciences, Irrigation science and technology and environmental science (soil formation, biological classification, mapping and management of soil). Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences publishes 4 issues per year and is the official publication of the King Saud University and Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences and is published by King Saud University in collaboration with Elsevier and is edited by an international group of eminent researchers.