树木生长增强推动未管理温带森林生物量持续增加

IF 8.3 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY AGU Advances Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI:10.1029/2022AV000859
Laura Marqués, Ensheng Weng, Harald Bugmann, David I. Forrester, Brigitte Rohner, Martina L. Hobi, Volodymyr Trotsiuk, Benjamin D. Stocker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管据报道,过去几十年来,全球森林中的树木生长有所增强,但目前尚不清楚这是否会推动林分生物量的持续增加,尤其是在成熟森林中。树木生长和林分水平生物量的增加通常与密度驱动的死亡率的同时增加和树木寿命的缩短有关。由于林分历史、管理和环境变化的混杂影响,识别有关这些过程之间平衡的经验证据具有挑战性。在这里,我们通过平均树木大小和林分密度(单位面积的树木数量)之间的负关系来研究生长和生物量之间的联系。我们发现,在过去的60年里,在瑞士未管理的封闭树冠森林中,给定平均树木大小的林分密度不断增加,森林地块的树木生长和林分密度之间存在正相关关系,这与我们使用机械、队列解析生态系统模型(BiomeE)进行的模拟在质量上一致。模型模拟表明,在没有其他干扰的情况下,尽管碳停留时间和树木寿命同时减少,但树木生长增强会持续增加生物量存量。然而,对于给定的生长增强,模拟生物量变化的幅度在很大程度上取决于死亡率函数的形状。我们的分析将生长导致的树木寿命缩短的报告与生物量持续增加的模型预测相一致,并与我们发现的随着生长而变密的森林趋势相一致——在成熟林分中也是如此。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Tree Growth Enhancement Drives a Persistent Biomass Gain in Unmanaged Temperate Forests

While enhanced tree growth over the last decades has been reported in forests across the globe, it remains unclear whether it drives persistent biomass increases of forest stands, particularly in mature forests. Enhanced tree growth and stand-level biomass are often linked with a simultaneous increase in density-driven mortality and a reduction in tree longevity. Identifying empirical evidence regarding the balance between these processes is challenging due to the confounding effects of stand history, management, and environmental changes. Here, we investigate the link between growth and biomass via the negative relationship between average tree size and stand density (tree number per area). We find increasing stand density for a given mean tree size in unmanaged closed-canopy forests in Switzerland over the past six decades and a positive relationship between tree growth and stand density across forest plots—qualitatively consistent with our simulations using a mechanistic, cohort-resolving ecosystem model (BiomeE). Model simulations show that, in the absence of other disturbances, enhanced tree growth persistently increases biomass stocks despite simultaneous decreases in carbon residence time and tree longevity. However, the magnitude of simulated biomass changes for a given growth enhancement critically depends on the shape of the mortality functions. Our analyses reconcile reports of growth-induced reductions of tree longevity with model predictions of persistent biomass increases, and with our finding of trends toward denser forests in response to growth—also in mature stands.

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