公立学校选择的影响:来自洛杉矶学区选择的证据

IF 11.1 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Quarterly Journal of Economics Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI:10.1093/qje/qjad052
Christopher Campos, Caitlin Kearns
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引用次数: 0

摘要

比起以社区为基础的分配系统,扩大学校选择的学区是否能为学生提供更好的结果?本文研究了选择学区(ZOC)计划,这是洛杉矶联合学区(LAUSD)的一项择校倡议,该计划在一些社区创建了小型高中市场,但在整个学区的其他地方保留了出勤区边界。我们使用差异中的差异设计研究了市场层面的选择对学生成绩和大学入学率的影响。ZOC市场的学生成绩显著提高,缩小了ZOC社区与该地区其他社区之间的成绩和大学入学率差距。ZOC对面临更多竞争的学校的影响更大,这支持了竞争是关键渠道的观点。对需求的估计表明,家庭非常重视学校的学术质量,为学校提供竞争激励,以提高其效率。证据表明,公立学校选择计划有可能提高学校质量,减少基于社区的教育机会差距。
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The Impact of Public School Choice: Evidence from Los Angeles’ Zones of Choice
Does a school district that expands school choice provide better outcomes for students than a neighborhood-based assignment system? This paper studies the Zones of Choice (ZOC) program, a school choice initiative of the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) that created small high school markets in some neighborhoods but left attendance zone boundaries in place throughout the rest of the district. We study market-level impacts of choice on student achievement and college enrollment using a differences-in-differences design. Student outcomes in ZOC markets increased markedly, narrowing achievement and college enrollment gaps between ZOC neighborhoods and the rest of the district. The effects of ZOC are larger for schools exposed to more competition, supporting the notion that competition is a key channel. Demand estimates suggest families place substantial weight on schools’ academic quality, providing schools with competition-induced incentives to improve their effectiveness. The evidence demonstrates that public school choice programs have the potential to improve school quality and reduce neighborhood-based disparities in educational opportunity.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
24.20
自引率
2.20%
发文量
42
期刊介绍: The Quarterly Journal of Economics stands as the oldest professional journal of economics in the English language. Published under the editorial guidance of Harvard University's Department of Economics, it comprehensively covers all aspects of the field. Esteemed by professional and academic economists as well as students worldwide, QJE holds unparalleled value in the economic discourse.
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