"Educación y salud en la adolescencia: los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria" [Education and health in adolescence: disorders of eating behavior]

RESUMEN: Este articulo resume las investigaciones realizadas sobre los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) en la sociedad actual y tiene, como objetivos basicos, reflexionar sobre la obsesion por la delgadez o busqueda incesante de la misma, como caracteristica esencial de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria; la tendencia a tener pensamientos o a darse comilonas -o atracones- incontrolables; asi como, averiguar la insatisfaccion del alumnado que padece TCA con la forma general de su cuerpo o con las partes del mismo que, en la adolescencia, mas le preocupan. En la investigacion, realizada en Granada, durante los anos 2007-2010, se ha utilizado una metodologia eclectica. La seleccion de la muestra responde al criterio normativo de la edad; en este caso, 11 a 17 anos, momento decisivo para estas personas al encontrarse ante la toma de decisiones importantes de cara a su futuro profesional y personal, al finalizar la escolarizacion obligatoria. El numero de alumnos y alumnas que han realizado los Cuestionarios EPQ-J y EDI-2, ha sido de 700. Como conclusion mas significativa, habria que destacar que no existe la necesaria educacion y orientacion psicopedagogica preventiva ante los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, obteniendose diferencias de genero en los resultados. Resulta importante resaltar que el alumnado de los centros de Educacion Secundaria analizados presenta carencias en algunas areas, a nivel personal, que les exponen a padecer un TCA, obteniendo a los 13 anos su mayor representatividad, lo que nos indica el momento en que se muestran mas debiles y propensos a verse envueltos en este tipo de trastornos. ABSTRACT: This article summarizes the research on the disorders of eating behavior in today's society and has as main objectives, reflect on the obsession with thinness and relentless pursuit of the same essential feature of the Eating Disorders food, the tendency to binge-thoughts or be uncontrolled or binge-as well as, find the dissatisfaction of students who have an eating disorders with the general shape of your body or parts thereof which, in adolescence, most concerned about. At the inquest, held in Granada, during the years 2007-2010, we used an eclectic approach. The selection of the sample responds to the normative criterion of age, in this case, 11 to 17 years, defining moment for these people when faced with making important decisions for their future professional and personal at the end of compulsory schooling. The number of students who have completed the questionnaires EPQ-J and EDI-2, was 700. As most significant conclusion, it should be noted that there is no necessary preventive education and counseling to the eating disorders, resulting in gender differences in the results. It is important to note that students of secondary schools analyzed is lacking in some areas, on a personal level, which exposes them to suffer from an eating disorder, getting to the age of 13 most representative, which indicates the time shown weak and likely to become involved in these disorders.