乌克兰琥珀开采的环境和经济先决条件

A. Martyn, O. Kachanovskyi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

非法琥珀开采的负面后果导致了对国家经济的破坏和对密集开采地区生态系统的破坏。本文对非法开采琥珀的问题进行了全面的探讨。给出了非法采矿问题产生的生态和经济前提,并确定了其主要的生态、经济和社会后果。有人认为,探矿者的非法行动及其后果仍然是乌克兰社会经济生活中的一个痛苦问题,不仅自然环境受到影响,乌克兰的经济也受到影响。由于宝石开采不受控制,犯罪集团将宝石走私到国外,国家将无法从国家预算中获得数百万格里夫纳。对乌克兰每年因非法琥珀开采和销售造成的损失进行了计算。分析了乌克兰各行政区域琥珀的储量分布和开采情况。有人指出,有两项与琥珀开采有关的直接付款:一项是为开发地点和采矿而领取特别许可证的费用,另一项是租金- -出售宝石所得收入的一部分。提供了立陶宛和波兰琥珀矿床形成和采矿税收过程的一般数据。介绍了乌克兰和波兰琥珀的销售价格动态,与2016年相比,乌克兰原琥珀的价格大幅下降。对波兰西北部森林地区的非法采矿问题进行了研究。值得注意的是,琥珀的价格是不断变化的,取决于分数,但单一固定费率的引入将有助于该行业的发展。
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Environmental and economic prerequisites of amber mining in Ukraine
The negative consequences of illegal amber mining lead to damage to the country's economy and the destruction of the ecosystem in those regions where intensive mining is conducted. The article is devoted to a comprehensive consideration of the issue of illegal amber mining. The ecological and economic prerequisites for the emergence of the problem of illegal mining are given, and its main ecological, economic and social consequences are also determined. It is argued that the illegal actions of prospectors and their consequences continue to be a painful issue in the socio-economic life of Ukraine, from which not only the natural environment, but also the economy of Ukraine suffers. As a result of the uncontrolled extraction of precious stones, the actions of criminal groups smuggling them abroad, the state will not receive millions of hryvnias from the state budget. The calculation of Ukraine's annual losses from illegal amber mining and sales is presented. The distribution of reserves and extraction of amber by administrative regions of Ukraine was analyzed. It is noted that there are two direct payments related to amber mining: a fee for a special permit for the development of the site and mining, as well as rent - a share of the income from the sale of precious stones. Generalized data on the formation of amber deposits and mining taxation processes in Lithuania and Poland are provided. The dynamics of selling prices of Ukrainian and Polish amber is presented, a significant drop in the price of Ukrainian raw amber compared to 2016 was established. The problem of illegal mining in forest areas in the north-west of Poland has been studied. It is noted that amber prices are constantly changing depending on the fractions, but the introduction of a single fixed rate will contribute to the development of this industry.
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发文量
25
审稿时长
8 weeks
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