保加利亚普罗夫迪夫地区疫苗可预防疾病的流行:麻疹、腮腺炎、甲型肝炎

N. Vatev, M. Stoycheva, A. Petrov, Rayna Velcheva
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引用次数: 3

摘要

目的:分析麻疹、腮腺炎和病毒性甲型肝炎流行的原因,提出预防措施。材料和方法:Тhe对2006-2010年普罗夫迪夫地区麻疹、腮腺炎和甲型肝炎的发病率进行了研究。考虑到麻疹和腮腺炎常规免疫接种(第一剂和第二剂)的时间,对患者的年龄结构进行了分析。结果:2006-2009年偶见麻疹单发病例,2010年为2787例(发病率395/10万)。其中13个月-12岁儿童占51%,0-13个月儿童占27%,13 - 18岁儿童占11%。2006-2010年流行性腮腺炎发病率差异很大,2007年(130/10万)和2008年(169/10万)显著增加。在流行期间,大多数患者(34%以上)年龄在13个月至12岁之间,其中26%以上年龄在13至19岁之间。2006-2010年期间,甲型肝炎的发病率从2.98/10万(2009年)到426/10万(2006年)不等。超过50%的病例涉及9岁以下的儿童。对于这三种疾病,80%以上的患者是罗姆人。结论:1。2010年麻疹的流行传播主要是由于作为疾病预防的常规免疫接种存在缺陷。2. 腮腺炎的爆发有两个原因:А)直到2001年,保加利亚未能在12岁时接种第二剂疫苗。B)常规免疫的缺陷。3.2006年(以及其余年份)甲型肝炎的极高发病率是由于缺乏常规免疫。4. 造成这三种疾病暴发的根本原因是生活卫生条件差、社会地位低以及缺乏对高危人群的健康促进。为防止上述疾病在未来爆发,我们建议:А)实行甲型肝炎强制免疫;B)定期开展麻疹和腮腺炎疫苗接种运动。
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Epidemic Outbreaks in Plovdiv Region (Bulgaria) of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases: Measles, Mumps, Hepatitis A
Aim: To analyze the reasons for epidemic outbreaks of measles, mumps and viral hepatitis A and to propose measures to prevent them in future. Materials and methods: Тhe incidence of measles, mumps and hepatitis A in Plovdiv region was studied for the period 2006-2010. An analysis of the age structure of the patients was made, while taking into account the time for routine immunization performed against measles and mumps (first and second dose). Results: In 2006-2009 single cases of measles were found occasionally, but in 2010 they were 2787 (incidence 395/100,000). Most of them (51%) were for ages 13 months-12years, 27%-0-13 months and 11%-13 to 18 years. The incidence of mumps for 2006-2010 varied widely, and has increased significantly in 2007 (130/100,000) and 2008 (169/100,000). The majority of patients (over 34%) during the epidemics were aged 13 months-12years, and over 26% of them-13-19 years. For the period 2006-2010 the incidence of hepatitis A ranged from 2.98/100, 000 (2009) to 426/100,000 (2006). Over 50% of the cases involved children aged up to 9 years. For the three diseases over 80% of patients were individuals of Roma origin. Conclusions: 1. Epidemic spread of measles in 2010 was mainly due to shortcomings in the routine immunization carried as a prevention of the disease. 2. There are two reasons for the outbreak of mumps: А) Failure to administer the second vaccine dose at 12 years in Bulgaria until 2001. B) Shortcomings in routinely performed immunization. 3. The extremely high incidence of hepatitis A in 2006 (and in the rest of the years) is due to the lack of routine immunization. 4. Essential for the outbreaks in all three diseases are the poor hygienic living conditions, the low social status and the lack of health promotion of the population at risk 5. To prevent future outbreaks of the diseases hereby in question, we suggest it is appropriate: А) To introduce compulsory immunization against hepatitis A; B) To carry out periodic catch-up vaccination campaigns against measles and mumps.
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