病毒抗原水平对16型蓝舌病毒二亚胺灭活疫苗血清学应答和有效性的影响

Le Li, Haisheng Miao, D. Liao, M. Kou, Lin Gao, Huachun Li
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摘要

蓝舌病是由蓝舌病毒引起的一种严重的反刍动物出血性疾病。灭活疫苗在一些地区的实地试验中取得了成功,灭活疫苗被认为更安全。然而,关于病毒抗原水平对灭活BTV-16疫苗的血清学反应和效率的影响的信息缺乏。本研究对二亚胺灭活疫苗(16型)的血清学反应和病毒抗原浓度进行了研究。采用改进的BTV AC-ELISA法对病毒悬液(VS)中的病毒抗原进行定量分析。分别制备了4批含1、5、10和50 μg/ml病毒抗原的疫苗,分别接种4组中国绵羊,观察攻毒前后的血清学反应和疫苗效率。含有10和50 μg/ml病毒抗原的疫苗在接种后14 d诱导了显著的ELISA和中和抗体滴度,而含有1和5 μg/ml病毒抗原的疫苗没有这些影响。第21天加强免疫可提高各组抗体滴度;然而,滴度升高与病毒抗原水平有关。与血清学反应相反,疫苗的病毒抗原水平对疫苗效率没有显著影响。除5 μg/ml病毒抗原组1只羊外,从临床症状、直肠温度和病毒血症情况来看,4个抗原水平组均表现出较强的抗感染能力。总之,这些数据表明,1 ~ 50 μg/ml的病毒抗原水平对动物的血清学反应有显著影响,但对疫苗效率的影响有限。含有1 μg/ml病毒抗原的BTV-16疫苗足以达到高效率,但只有抗原含量超过10 μg/ml的疫苗才会引起明显的抗体反应。为了获得更好的血清学应答,我们建议使用含有10 μg/ml以上病毒抗原的疫苗。这项研究的发现将对BTV疫苗的生产有用。
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Effect of Viral Antigen Levels on the Serological Response and Efficiency of the Binary Ethylenimine-Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype-16 Vaccine
Bluetongue (BT) is a serious hemorrhagic disease of ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). Inactive BTV vaccines have been successful in field trials in some areas, and inactivated vaccines are considered safer. However, information about the effect of the viral antigen level on the serological response and efficiency of the inactive BTV-16 vaccine is lacking. In the present study, the serological response and efficiency of the viral antigen concentration in the binary ethylenimine-inactivated Chinese BTV serotype-16 vaccine were investigated. The viral antigens in the viral suspension (VS) were quantified using a modified BTV AC-ELISA method. Four batches of vaccine containing 1, 5, 10, and 50 μg/ml of viral antigen were generated from the VS. Four groups of naive Chinese sheep were vaccinated with the different vaccine batches, and the serological response and vaccine efficiency were investigated before and after challenge infection. The vaccines containing 10 and 50 μg/ml of viral antigen induced significant ELISA and neutralizing antibody titers 14 days after vaccination, whereas the vaccines containing 1 and 5 μg/ml of viral antigen did not have these effects. A booster immunization at 21 days enhanced all groups’ antibody titers; however, the increased titer was related to the viral antigen level. In contrast to the serological response, the viral antigen level of the vaccines did not have a significant effect on the vaccine efficiency. With the exception of one sheep from the 5 μg/ml viral antigen group, all vaccinated sheep from the four antigen level groups showed strong resistance to infection based on their clinical symptoms, rectal temperatures and viremia. Collectively, these data suggested that viral antigen levels from 1 to 50 μg/ml had a significant effect on the serological response of the animals but a limited effect on the vaccine efficiency. The BTV-16 vaccine containing 1 μg/ml of viral antigen was sufficient to achieve high efficiency, but only the vaccines with more than 10 μg/ml of antigen induced a significant antibody response. To obtain a better serological response, we suggest the use of vaccines with more than 10 μg/ml of viral antigen. The findings in the study will be useful for BTV vaccine production.
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