Short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy with depressed adolescents: Comparing in-session interactions in good and poor outcome cases.

Objective: To identify and describe in-session interaction patterns between psychoanalytic therapists and adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder, comparing good and poor outcome cases. Method: Audio recordings for 100 psychotherapy sessions from 10 Short-Term Psychoanalytic Psychotherapies were analysed using the Adolescent Psychotherapy Q-Set (APQ). The cases and sessions were evenly divided into two groups (poor outcome and good outcome, 5 patients and 50 sessions per group). Interaction patterns were analysed with an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while group differences were assessed through t-tests. Results: The EFA revealed three factors: (1) "Open, engaged young person working collaboratively with a therapist to make sense of their experiences", (2) "Directive therapist with a young person fluctuating in emotional state and unwilling to explore", (3) "Young person expressing anger and irritation and challenging the therapist". Factor 1 was significantly more prominent in the good outcome cases, while factor 3, on the contrary, was more significantly related to the poor outcome cases. Factor 2 was equally present in both groups. Conclusion: Besides reinforcing to researchers and clinicians the association between a collaborative psychotherapy process with good outcomes, our findings also provide empirical data regarding the role of anger in adolescent depression and the psychotherapy process.