一战期间,克拉科夫附近的俄军

P. Krokosz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章专门讲述了1914年11月和12月俄罗斯军队在克拉科夫附近村镇的存在。1914年秋天被认为是第一次世界大战期间俄罗斯军队在东线取得最大成功的一个月,俄罗斯人的目的之一是控制克拉科夫,当时这是一个非常坚固的堡垒。该城的陷落开辟了通往西里西亚和奥匈帝国首都维也纳的道路。这些行动没有产生任何效果,1914年冬天,俄军被赶出克拉科夫。1914年11月和12月,俄国人在克拉科夫附近的村庄和城镇短暂停留,这永远铭刻在当地居民的记忆中。沙皇的士兵,通常被他们称为“莫斯科人”或“杂种”,被视为敌人。毫无疑问,一些执行侦察任务的前线士兵和哥萨克在被占领的村庄和城镇中进行了破坏、盗窃、强奸或谋杀。然而,也有一些士兵和军官对当地居民的行为是高尚的。俄国军队中的许多军官都是波兰人,他们在战争条件下表现出了尊严。受过良好教育的沙皇指挥官属于贵族或贵族阶层。对于1914年驻扎在克拉科夫附近村庄和城镇的俄罗斯士兵的行为,既有坏的也有好的表现,这将有助于反驳现有的刻板印象。
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The Russian Military near Cracow during the First World War
The article is devoted to the presence of Russian troops in November and December 1914 in villages and towns near Cracow. Autumn 1914 is remembered as the month of the biggest success of the Russian army that took place at the eastern front during World War I. One of the purposes of the Russians was to take control of Cracow, which was then a very strong fortress. The capture of the city opened the way towards Silesia and Vienna — the capital of Austria-Hungary. These actions did not bring about any effect, and in the winter of 1914 the Russian army was repelled from Cracow. The short stay of the Russians in November and December 1914 in villages and towns near Cracow was permanently etched on the memory of their inhabitants. Tsar’s soldiers, commonly referred to by them as “Muscovites” or “mongrels”, were seen as the enemy. There is no doubt that some frontline soldiers and Cossacks, performing reconnaissance functions committed destruction, theft, rape or murder in the occupied villages and towns. However, there were also those among soldiers and officers whose behavior was noble towards the local population. Many officers in the the Russian army were Poles who displayed dignity under war conditions. Well-educated tsarist commanders belonging to the nobility or aristocracy behaved similarly. The presentation of both bad and good demeanors will allow to refute the existing stereotypes regarding the behavior of Russian soldiers stationed in villages and towns near Cracow in 1914.
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