政治演讲翻译中评价性范畴的翻译特点

Ivanna Heleta, N. Zhmayeva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文以乌克兰语政治演讲稿的英译材料为基础,分析了评价范畴的语言表达方式的翻译方法。在语言学领域,评价的范畴引起了许多分歧。评价作为一个功能语义范畴,延伸到语言的各个层面,由一组具有评价意义的语言单位来表示,这些语言单位表达了说话者为实现某一交际任务而对信息内容所持的积极或消极态度。评估具有特定结构的特点。评价性结构的强制成分分为评价性主体和评价性客体。在语言学现有的评价分类中,最适合分析政治话语中特定范畴的是E. M. Wolf的分类,它规定了主体与客体的理性与情感、积极与消极、绝对与相对评价的划分。对所提节选的分析表明,理性评价和情感评价的数量几乎相等,消极评价的数量是积极评价的两倍,在绝对评价和相对评价的比较中,后者完全不存在。在翻译评价范畴的表达方式时,在语法和词汇层面上进行了各种各样的翻译转换。通过搜索对等物或翻译对等物来再现词汇层次。在语法层面,使用各种语法转换,如排列,替换,添加
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FEATURES OF RENDERING THE EVALUATIVE CATEGORY WHEN TRANSLATING POLITICAL SPEECHES
The article is devoted to the analysis of the methods of translation of linguistic means of expressing the evaluation category based on the material of translations of political speeches from the Ukrainian language into English. In the field of linguistics, the category of assessment causes a number of disagreements. Evaluation as a functional-semantic category extends to all levels of language and is represented by a set of linguistic units with an evaluative meaning, which express a positive or negative attitude of the speaker to the content of the message aimed at the implementation of a certain communicative task. The assessment is characterized by a specific structure. Mandatory components of the evaluative construction are distinguished: evaluative subject and object. Among the classifications of assessment existing in linguistics, the most appropriate for the analysis of the specified category in political discourse is the classification identified by E. M. Wolf, which provides for the division of rational and emotional, positive and negative, absolute and relative assessment of the subject and the object. The analysis of the presented excerpts revealed that rational and emotional evaluations are represented in almost equal numbers, negative evaluations are twice as large as positive ones and in the comparison of absolute and relative evaluations, the latter is completely absent. The search for a translation counterpart turned out to be a common method of translation of all types of expressions of the evaluation category Various translation transformations at the grammatical and lexical levels were applied when translating the means of expression of the evaluation category. The lexical level is reproduced by searching for equivalents or translational counterparts. At the grammatical level, various grammatical transformations are used,such as permutations, substitutions, additions
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