Endoscopic characteristics and clinicopathological features of early esophageal and gastric cancer and their relationships with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis

Objective To analyze the endoscopic characteristics and clinicopathological features of early esophageal and gastric cancer, and their relationships with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis. Methods One hundred patients with early esophageal and gastric cancer who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2015 to October 2019 were enrolled as the research objects. The endoscopic characteristics of patients with early esophageal and gastric cancer were recorded. The pathological features of the disease were analyzed, and its correlations with lymph node metastasis and invasion depth were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, tumor major diameter or depth of invasion among patients with different depths of invasion (P>0.05), but there were significant differences in endoscopic classification and tissue differentiation among them (P 0.05); but there was a significant difference in the degree of differentiation or the depth of infiltration (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of lymph node metastasis were differentiation degree and invasion depth. The endoscopic classification of patients was mainly type Ⅱb, accounting for 36.00% (36/100). There were 40 cases of low differentiation, 34 cases of middle differentiation and 26 cases of high differentiation. Thirty-four cases (34.00%, 34/100) were with tumor major diameter≤1 cm, 51 cases (51.00%, 51/100) were with tumor major diameter≥4 cm, 15 cases (15.00%, 15/100) were with tumor major diameter≥4 cm. Conclusions Endoscopic examination is an effective clinical method for the diagnosis and detection of early esophageal and gastric cancer. Analyzing endoscopic charalteristics and clinicopathological features can largely indicate the depth of invasion, which plays a reference role in judging lymph node metastasis. Key words: Early esophageal and gastric cancer; Endoscopic features; Pathological features