稀土复合污染对土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响研究

Yingdi Jiang, X. Wang, Yunzhu Chen, Lichao Nengzi
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引用次数: 2

摘要

摘要土壤微生物和土壤酶活性是评价土壤状况的重要指标。通过测定不同季节毛牛坪老矿区和尾矿库周围稀土复合污染土壤的理化性质和重金属含量,测定耕地土壤微生态微生物数量和多样性以及土壤酶活性,评价土壤污染状况。本研究表明,不同季节老矿区和尾矿库农田土壤理化性质存在显著差异,老矿区稀土复合污染浓度大于尾矿库,稀土复合污染浓度的变化引起土壤微生态发生显著变化。稀土复合污染抑制真菌和细菌的生命活动,促进放线菌的生长;降低蔗糖酶对重金属污染的敏感性,促进磷酸酶的活性,对脲酶的作用是“低浓度促进,高浓度抑制”;降低了群落对碳源的利用能力,导致群落物种稀少且分布不均匀,群落结构简单。上述结果表明,稀土复合污染对土壤微生物具有潜在危害,可为矿区农田土壤生态修复提供理论依据。
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Research on the Effects of Rare Earth Combined Contamination on Soil Microbial Diversity and Enzyme Activity
Abstract Soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities are important indexes to evaluate soil status. The soil pollution status was evaluated by measuring the physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of rare earth combined contaminated soil around the Maoniuping old mining area and tailings ponds in different seasons, and measuring the number and diversity of microorganisms and the soil enzyme activities of the arable soil microecology. This research shows that the physical and chemical properties of farmland soil in old mining areas and tailings ponds in different seasons are significantly different, the concentration of rare earth combined contamination in old mines is greater than that in the tailings area, and the changes in the concentration of rare earth combined contamination cause significant changes in soil microecology. Rare earth combined contamination inhibits fungal and bacterial vital activities and promotes the growth of actinomycetes; reduces the sensitivity of sucrase to heavy metal contamination, promotes the activity of phosphatase, and the effect on urease is that of “promotion at low concentration and inhibition at high concentration”; and reduces the community’s ability to use carbon sources and, as a result, the community species are rare and distributed unevenly and the community structure is simple. These results indicate that rare earth combined contamination is potentially harmful to soil microorganisms, which can provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of farmland soil in mining areas.
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