Fire Risk Analysis of Air-supported Membrane Structure Coal Storage Shed

Membrane structure coal shed is now widely used because of its economic, environment-friendly, convenient and fast construction. As a new type of building, there is a large amount of combustible coal stored in it, and its fire risk is self-evident. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the safety of personnel under fire and the integrity of the building itself to meet its fire protection requirements. Based on a case of coal storage shed project, this paper tests and characterizes the ignition point and heat release of membrane structural materials, and carries out numerical simulation of fire in membrane structure coal shed. The structural stability under fire was analyzed by its temperature field, smoke spread and heat flow radiation. The results show that the critical ignition temperature of the membrane is 302.2 °C and the critical pilot heat flow is 16.5 kW/m2. Through the FDS numerical simulation of the membrane structure coal shed fire, the maximum temperature of the membrane structure surface in fire scenes 1 and 2 is 120 and 65 °C, respectively, and the heat flow is 5 and 2.5 kW/m2, which is lower than the critical ignition temperature obtained by the experiment. The critical ignition heat flow does not cause the membrane structure coal shed to be burned out of the hole, thereby affecting its structural stability. The visibility of smoke in fire scene 1 is not less than 10 m at 1350 s, while the visibility of smoke in fire scene 2 is less than 2 m at 1350 s, which seriously affects the safe evacuation of personnel. The membrane structure coal shed is a kind of air-powered fully enclosed structure. The air control inside the coal shed is very strict. Therefore, the corresponding air replacement system should be set to meet the safety under fire.