苗期除草剂对高粱产量的影响

Ya.V. Alieksieiev, S. Semenov, A. G. Lyubchich, R. E. Grishchenko, O. Glieva
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摘要

通过4年的田间试验,确定了Pik、Prima和Grantox等出苗后除草剂对高粱作物植物检疫状态和植株籽粒生产力形成的影响。结果表明,施用药剂对高粱植株个体发生的主要阶段没有影响。Prima和Grantox有效成分的使用导致植物线性生长下降。随着施用剂量的增加,高粱株高由101.7 cm下降到98.5 cm。随着Grantox剂量的增加,有效成分对高粱植株的毒性作用增强,使其株高从103.1 cm显著降低到98.1 cm。对于Pik除草剂,随着施用剂量的增加,株高由105.5 cm增加到107.9 cm。由于施用剂量为20 g/ha,高粱的籽粒产量最高(4.04 t/ha)。与手动清除杂草的变体相比,它只减少了0.22吨/公顷。这些结果表明,Pik除草剂对杂草有显著的除草效果,对高粱的植物毒性较弱。当使用Prima除草剂时,观察到分蘖被激活,穗数略有减少。所有除草剂对双子叶杂草的除效分别为Grantox - 78.0 ~ 86.2%、Prima - 75.4 ~ 83.1%、Pik - 80.6 ~ 89.3%。尽管对植物有不同的植物毒性作用,但与自然杂草侵害的小区相比,施用出苗期除草剂提高了高粱的产量:Prima提高了0.66-0.92 t/公顷,Grantox提高了0.60-0.97 t/公顷,Pik提高了1.02-1.40 t/公顷。通过研究发现,在高粱4 ~ 5叶期施用15 ~ 20 g/ha的Pik除草剂对植株最安全,对防治双子叶杂草最有效。关键词:谷物高粱,生长发育,杂草,除草剂,产量
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Productivity of grain sorghum at application of post-emergence herbicides
During the four-year field experiments, the influence of post-emergence herbicides such as Pik, Prima and Grantox on the phytosanitary state of grain sorghum crops and the formation the grain productivity of plants was established. It was found that the applied chemicals did not affect the main stages of ontogenesis by sorghum plants. The use of the active ingredient of Prima and Grantox led to a decrease the linear growth of plants. The height of sorghum plants with increasing the application dose of Prima decreased from 101.7 to 98.5 cm. When increasing the dose of Grantox, the toxic effect of the active ingredient on sorghum plants increased, as a result their height decreased significantly from 103.1 to 98.1 cm. With regard to the Pik herbicide, with increasing of application doze, the plant height increased from 105.5 to 107.9 cm. Due to the use of the application dose of 20 g/ha, the highest grain yield of sorghum was obtained (4.04 t/ha). It is only 0.22 t/ha less compared to the variants where weeds were removed manually. These results indicate a significant effect of the Pik herbicide on weeds and weak phytotoxicity against sorghum plants. When using the Prima herbicide, it was observed activation of tillering with a slight decrease in the number of panicles. All studied herbicides were characterized by high efficiency against dicotyledonous weeds: Grantox – 78.0–86.2 %, Prima – 75.4–83.1 %, Pik – 80.6–89.3 %. Despite the different phytotoxic effect on plants, grain productivity of grain sorghum increased due to the application of post-emergence herbicides compared to plots with natural weed infestation: Prima – by 0.66–0.92 t/ha, Grantox – by 0.60–0.97 t/ha, Pik – by 1.02–1.40 t/ha . Based on the research, it was found that the application of Pik herbicide in dose of 15–20 g/ha at the 4–5 leaf stage of sorghum was safest for plants and the most effective for the control of dicotyledonous weeds. Key words: grain sorghum, growth and development, weeds, herbicide, yield.
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