A Collision-Reducible Adaptive Data Rate Algorithm for Low-cost LoRa Gateways

LoRa (Long Range), a wireless communication technology designed for Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN), facilitates diverse IoT applications and inter-device communication by virtue of its openness and adaptable network deployment. However, the conventional static link transmission scheme employed in practical LoRa network deployment fails to fully exploit the available channel resources in dynamic channel environments, resulting in suboptimal network performance. To address this issue, this paper proposes a more efficient Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm tailored for low-cost gateways. This algorithm incorporates fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) to accurately classify link quality and employs distinct link adaptation algorithms based on varying link qualities. Notably, the algorithm considers both link-level performance and MAC layer performance. Experimental measurements demonstrate that our proposed algorithm surpasses the standard LoRaWAN ADR algorithm in terms of packet reception rate (PRR) and network throughput in both single end device (ED) and multi EDs scenarios. Specifically, in multi-EDs scenarios, the proposed algorithm yields a remarkable 34.12% improvement in throughput and a significant 26% enhancement in packet reception rate compared to the LoRaWAN ADR algorithm. These findings demonstrate the substantial enhancements achieved by the proposed algorithm in terms of network throughput and packet reception rate.