早期基督教世界历史上的古代Derbent

A. Kudryavtsev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

德尔本特作为世界防御工事的杰出纪念碑而载入史册,它建于公元5 - 7世纪,旨在抵御欧亚大陆游牧民族的入侵。在作者的指导下,对德尔本特进行了广泛的考古研究,揭示了这座城市存在的全新阶段,德尔本特不仅是中世纪东方世界大国在高加索地区的主要军事和政治据点,而且是该地区最大的经济和宗教中心,基督教、伊斯兰教、琐罗亚斯德教和犹太教在这里渗透和发展得很早。在萨珊国王叶兹德格尔德二世(439-457)和佩罗兹(459-484)统治期间,当高加索人民与“魔术师教学”的斗争严重加剧时,德尔本特在高加索基督教世界的历史上获得了特殊的意义。德尔本特的防御工事开始在高加索统治者的反伊朗起义中发挥重要作用,他们依靠北高加索的游牧民族和登山者来对抗萨珊人。正如我们的发掘所显示的那样,在5世纪60年代,在德尔本特的城堡里建造了一座十字形神庙,在17世纪初被改造成一个水库。最新的地球物理研究是在2020年进行的,利用地质雷达、激光扫描和摄影测量技术,证实了挖掘过程中获得的数据,即城堡中十字形圆顶结构的宗教目的,以及它与俄罗斯最古老的5世纪基督教寺庙之一的身份。
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Ancient Derbent in the History of the Early Christian World
Derbent has gone down in history as an outstanding monument of world fortification erected in the 5th–7th centuries AD to protect against the invasions of nomads of Eurasia. Extensivearchaeological research of Derbent, under the guidance of the author, revealed completely new stages of the city’s existence, and Derbent emerged not only as the main military and political stronghold of the world powers of the medieval East in the Caucasus but also as the largest economic and religious center of the region, where Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism penetrated and developed early. Derbent acquired a special significance in the history of the Christian world of the Caucasus during the reign of the Sasanian kings Yezdegerd II (439–457) and Peroz (459–484), ardent opponents of Christianity, when the struggle of the peoples of the Caucasus with the “teaching of magicians” severely aggravated. The Derbent fortifications began to play an important role in the anti-Iranian uprisings of the Caucasian rulers who relied on the nomads and mountaineers of the North Caucasus in their fight against the Sasanians. It was in the 60s of the 5th centuries, as our excavations have shown, that a cruciform temple was erected in the citadel of Derbent, which was transformed at the beginning of the 17th century into a reservoir. The most recent geophysical research, conducted in 2020, using georadar and laser scanning and photogrammetry confirmed the data obtained during the excavations about the religious purpose of the cross-domed structure in the citadel and its identification with the Christian temple of the 5th century, one of the oldest in Russia.
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