A Review of the Construction of the Nanomaterial & Nanocomposite Based Biosensor for Different Applications

The heightened attention about food and health safety has prompted researchers to conduct extensive research on biosensors that can be used to detect foodborne microbial toxins and pathogens quickly. Biosensors are proven to be a blessing due to their simple, and cost-effective technique, albeit there are still some drawbacks with respect to detection time, detection limit, and resilience. Incorporating functionalized nanomaterials into the development of biosensors as catalytic tools, immobilization platforms, or optical or electroactive labels has added a new dimension to addressing these challenges. This review paper aims to discuss the construction of different types of nanomaterial-based biosensors in the domains of food safety, exosome detection and finally, cancer detection as well as highlights the advantages of these biosensors over traditional techniques. In addition, a comparative study between the nanomaterial based biosensors taking into account the linear range and limits of detection in these mentioned applications was also conducted. Hence, this paper provides key insights into designing and fabricating biosensors utilizing the nanomaterials, and opens new avenues in disease and food safety research.