现代世界的文化全球化与民族文化语言成分的翻译特点

Anastasia Polynnikova, Daryna Liuta
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摘要

本文考察了文化作为保存民族特殊性的环境,语言作为文化的主要组成部分,艺术文本作为一种文化现象,界定了民族文化组成部分的要素,并对其进行了分类,翻译中每个片段的语言设计应根据所描述的情景和说话人的交际意图来确定。由于不同语言对同一主题/情况的描述,即使在这些语言中有完全等同的东西,也不可能相互明确,这使得这项任务变得复杂。因此,每种地方文化,每种语言都有自己对现实的特定感知。这种特殊性表现在文本的民族文化成分上,它直接反映了语言所服务的民族文化。对现代文学的分析表明,在翻译活动中忽视艺术文本的民族文化成分,不仅会在视觉手段层面和表达层面上造成语义、内容的扭曲和对文本感知的违背,在某些情况下还会造成译文内容的扭曲。研究结果表明,在将民族文化成分从英语翻译到乌克兰语的过程中,为了实现翻译的充分性和解决特定的语用任务,避免文本中充斥着读者不熟悉或完全不熟悉的信息,使用了各种方法。所得结论可用于艺术文本的翻译实践,也可用于进一步的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE IN THE MODERN WORLD AND FEATURES OF TRANSLATING NATIONAL AND CULTURAL LANGUAGE COMPONENTS
The article examines culture as an environment for the preservation of national specificity, language as the main component of culture, artistic text as a cultural phenomenon, defines the elements of national-cultural components, complies their classification, Linguistic design of each fragment of the translation should be determined by the described situation and the speaker’s communicative intention. This task is complicated by the fact that the description of the same subject/situation in different languages, even if there are complete equivalents in these languages, cannot be mutually unambiguous. Each local culture, therefore, each language has its own specific perception of reality. This specificity is expressed in the national cultural component of the text, which directly reflects the national culture served by the language. The analysis of modern literature has revealed the fact that ignoring the national cultural component of the artistic text in the translation activity leads not only to the distortion of the semantics, the content of the statements and the violation of the perception of the text both at the level of visual means and at the level of expressiveness, but in some cases — to the distortion of the content of the translated text. The results of the study have proved that when transferring national and cultural components from English to Ukrainian, various methods are used to achieve the adequacy of the translation and to solve specific pragmatic tasks, to prevent the text from being overloaded with unfamiliar or completely unfamiliar information for the reader. The conclusions obtained can be applied in translation practice when working with artistic texts, as well as in further research.
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