生长调节剂对乌克兰北部草原向日葵生长发育的影响

A. I. Tsyliuryk, M. Rumbakh, A. A. Izhboldin, O. Bondarenko, N. Nozdrina, Ya. V. Ostapchuk
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To study the influence of growth regulators with different action on the morphogenesis, sunflower growth and development and productivity of different maturity groups in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The field trials were established and carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of research.. The experimental part of the work was performed during 2018–2020 in the research field of the National Research Center at the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in the stationary experiment of the Crop Production Department in five-field crop rotation: clean fallow – winter wheat – maize – barley – sunflower. Spraying sunflower plants with growth regulators Vympel K-2 (0.7 l/ha), Architect (0.5 l/ha) and Ce-ron (0.5 l/ha) was carried out in the 6–8th pair of leaves stage. Results. When the growth regulators were applied, plant height of sunflower reduced, but such indicators as leaf surface area, chlorophyll content in the leaves, head diameter and number of seeds per head, thousand seed weight, seed yield and quality increased. y. Conclusions. The maximum leaf surface area of sunflower (up to 70.9–78.1 thousand mІ/ha, or 5.5 –10.2 % more than the control) was observed when growth regulator Ceron was applied at the dose of 0.5 l/ha. In this case, sunflower plants formed the largest heads with diameter of 23–26 cm (11.5–30.4 % more than the control), and the maximum number of seeds per head was 863–925.3 pieces that exceeded the control by 3, 4–5.6 %. The highest thousand seed weight (54.0–60.0 g) was for the mid-early hybrid Sumico HTS, and the lowest (51–55 g) – for the mid-late Subaro HTS that is explained by the biological characteristics of the hybrids. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

时事性。除矿质肥料和有机肥外,还应更广泛地使用微量肥料和植物生长调节剂,以消除不利因素(人为负荷过大、水分、养分制度和土壤腐殖质状况恶化),改善向日葵的营养系统。问题。生长调节剂加强了叶片表面的发育,激活了向日葵植物的基本生命功能:膜过程、细胞分裂、呼吸和营养、酶系统活性、光合作用,并创造了具有增强吸收能力的分枝根系。目的。研究不同作用的生长调节剂对乌克兰北部草原不同成熟期向日葵形态发生、生长发育及生产力的影响。材料和方法。田间试验是按照普遍接受的研究方法进行的。实验部分工作于2018-2020年在第聂伯罗国立农业经济大学国家研究中心的研究领域进行,在作物生产部的五田轮作固定实验中:清洁休耕-冬小麦-玉米-大麦-向日葵。在6 ~ 8对叶片期分别喷洒生长调节剂Vympel K-2 (0.7 l/ha)、Architect (0.5 l/ha)和Ce-ron (0.5 l/ha)。结果。施用生长调节剂后,向日葵株高降低,但叶表面积、叶片叶绿素含量、穗径和穗粒数、千粒重、种子产量和品质等指标均有所提高。y。结论。当生长调节剂Ceron用量为0.5 l/ha时,向日葵的叶表面积最大,达70.9 ~ 78.1万mІ/ha,比对照增加5.5% ~ 10.2%。以向日葵植株的穗长最大,为23 ~ 26 cm(比对照多11.5 ~ 30.4%),每穗最大种子数为863 ~ 925.3粒,比对照多3.4 ~ 5.6%。千粒重最高的是苏美科中早杂交种(54.0 ~ 60.0 g),最低的是苏巴罗中晚杂交种(51 ~ 55 g),这与杂交种的生物学特性有关。在向日葵上施用植物生长调节剂可使作物产量提高1.05 ~ 1.17倍。各杂交种增产幅度最大的是Ceron (0.5 l/ha),增产幅度为0.22 ~ 0.27 t/ha,增产幅度为13.5 ~ 14.8%。使用Ceron (0.5 l/ha)和Architect (0.5 l/ha)生长调节剂,油含量分别提高了3-8个百分点和4-6个百分点。关键词:向日葵,杂交种,生长调节剂,叶表面积,叶绿素,产量,种子品质
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Influence of growth regulators on the sunflower growth and development in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Topicality. In addition to mineral and organic fertilizers, microfertilizers and plant growth regulators should be used more widely to eliminate negative factors (excessive man-made load, deterioration of water, nutrient regimes and soil humus condition) and to improve the sunflower nutrition system. Issues. Growth regulators intensify the development of the leaf surface, activate the basic life functions of sunflower plants: membrane processes, cell division, respiration and nutrition, enzyme systems activity, photosynthesis, and create a branched root system with enhanced absorption capacity. Purpose. To study the influence of growth regulators with different action on the morphogenesis, sunflower growth and development and productivity of different maturity groups in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The field trials were established and carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods of research.. The experimental part of the work was performed during 2018–2020 in the research field of the National Research Center at the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in the stationary experiment of the Crop Production Department in five-field crop rotation: clean fallow – winter wheat – maize – barley – sunflower. Spraying sunflower plants with growth regulators Vympel K-2 (0.7 l/ha), Architect (0.5 l/ha) and Ce-ron (0.5 l/ha) was carried out in the 6–8th pair of leaves stage. Results. When the growth regulators were applied, plant height of sunflower reduced, but such indicators as leaf surface area, chlorophyll content in the leaves, head diameter and number of seeds per head, thousand seed weight, seed yield and quality increased. y. Conclusions. The maximum leaf surface area of sunflower (up to 70.9–78.1 thousand mІ/ha, or 5.5 –10.2 % more than the control) was observed when growth regulator Ceron was applied at the dose of 0.5 l/ha. In this case, sunflower plants formed the largest heads with diameter of 23–26 cm (11.5–30.4 % more than the control), and the maximum number of seeds per head was 863–925.3 pieces that exceeded the control by 3, 4–5.6 %. The highest thousand seed weight (54.0–60.0 g) was for the mid-early hybrid Sumico HTS, and the lowest (51–55 g) – for the mid-late Subaro HTS that is explained by the biological characteristics of the hybrids. The crop yield increased by 1.05–1.17 times due to the application on sunflower of plant growth regulators. The largest increase in grain yield for all hybrids (0.22–0.27 t/ha, or 13.5–14.8 %) was provided with Ceron (0.5 l/ha). The application of Ceron (0.5 l/ha) and Architect (0.5 l / ha) growth regulators increased oil content by 3–8 and 4–6 percentage points, respectively. Keywords: sunflower, hybrids, growth regulators, leaf surface area, chlorophyll, yield, seed quality.
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