翻译中不可译性的问题及克服方法

Anastasiia Buchumash, I. Derik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文探讨了“可译性”和“不可译性”的定义、翻译特点、不可译性存在的问题及解决方法。研究发现,可译性和不可译性是翻译的心理语言和民族语言充分性,包括智力、心理语言、文化和哲学等因素。这一过程的参与者是作为文化载体的原文作者和作为信息解释者的译者。可译性和不可译性的原因主要有以下几点:语言的差异性,语言的不对称性;作品以每种语言呈现,在大多数情况下是身份的标志,是创造民族心态的一种方法;充分传递源语言信息所必需的先验信息水平不足。本文还描述了未翻译的词,在目的语中没有类似的词,因为在源语中它涵盖了对事物的广泛看法。在科学文献中,翻译人员无法表达的表达或词汇单位被称为空白。空白并不是指翻译的不可能,而是在考虑到社会、文化、民族和历史特征的情况下,引起人们对对等物缺乏的关注。本文考虑了在翻译过程中失去文化和精神色彩的不同语言的词汇和表达的例子,以及使用翻译转换来充分地将信息从源语言传达到目的语言。选择例子的原则是社会文化方面。本文探讨了翻译理论家和实践者著作中描述的翻译技巧和方法,译者使用这些技巧和方法来实现译文与原文的语义接近。分析了外国作家的实际作品
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THE ISSUE OF UNTRANSLATABILITY AND WAYS TO OVERCOME IT IN TRANSLATION
The article explores definition: “translatability” and “untranslatability”, peculiarities of their translation, problems and ways of solving untranslatability. It is found out that translatability and untranslatability are psycholinguistic and ethnolinguistic adequacy of translation, which includes intellectual, psycholinguistic, cultural, philosophical factors. The participants of the process are the author of the original as a carrier of culture and the translator as an interpreter of the message. The following reasons for translatability and untranslatability are highlighted: the difference of languages, their asymmetry; the work, which is present in each language and in most cases is an indicator of identity, a method of creating a national mentality; insufficient level of prior information necessary for adequate transmission of the message of the source language. This article also described words that are not translated and have no analogue in the target language, because in the source language it covers a wide system of views on things. Expressions or lexical units that the interpreter is unable to convey are called lacunae in the scientific literature. Lacunae do not indicate the impossibility of translation, they draw attention to the lack of equivalent, taking into account social, cultural, ethnic and historical features. Examples of wordsand expressions taken from different languages that lose their cultural and mental coloring during translation are considered, as well as the use of translation transformations to adequately convey the message from the source language to the target language. The principle of choosing examples was the socio-cultural aspect. In this paper we explored the techniques and methods of translation described in the works of theorists and practitioners of translation, which are used by the translator to achieve semantic closeness of the translated text to the original text. The actual works of foreign writers are analyzed
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