高粱籽粒密度和播种法对植株同化面形成和籽粒产量的影响

A. Gyrka, Ya.V. Alieksieiev, Yu. Ya. Sydorenko, O. V. Bochevar
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摘要

在进行研究过程中发现,高粱作物的叶表面积与植株密度成正比。结果表明,同化器在穗萌发期形成的面积最大。结果表明,密度每增加2万株/ha,单株叶表面积相对于原密度减少8.8 ~ 9.0% (128 ~ 137 cm2)。行宽间距对该指标无影响。每穗粒重在密度为8万株/公顷时最大。作物拥挤(2万株/公顷)导致该指标较前一指标下降4.8 - 22.0%。籽粒重和穗粒大小随着籽粒密度的增加而下降,但千粒重相对稳定。品种和杂交种千粒重的最佳值为种植密度12 ~ 14万株/公顷。高粱的遗传特征和播种密度对产量结构有显著影响。播种方式的影响不显著。在多年的研究中,平均而言,籽粒高粱的最高产量是在行间距为45 cm的试验中:Prime杂交种5.89 t/ha, Dniprovskyi 39品种4.62 t/ha(株密度14万/ha)和Vinets品种3.70 t/ha(16万/ha)。在种植密度为12 ~ 14万株/公顷的条件下,70 cm行距条件下优质杂交种籽粒产量分别为5.70 ~ 5.71 t/公顷。Dniprovskyi 39在种植密度为12万和14万株/ha时产量指标相同,均为4.57 t/ha。在16万株/ha、行距70 cm条件下,葡萄品种籽粒产量为3.83 t/ha。超过规定密度的植物拥挤造成了粮食产量的下降。关键词:谷物高粱,植株密度,叶面积,同化器单株面积,农病密度,粮食产量。
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Influence density and sowing method of grain sorghum on the formation of assimilation surface and grain productivity of plants
In the course of conducted researches it was found that the leaf surface area of sorghum crops was directly proportional to the plant density. It was determined that the largest area of the assimilation apparatus forms in the panicle initiation stage. It was found that each increase in plant density by 20 thousand/ha leads to a decrease in the individual leaf surface area of the plant by 8.8–9.0 % (128–137 cm2) relative to the previous plant density. The row-width spacing was no influenced to this indicator. The largest grain weight per the panicle was formed at a plant density of 80 thousand pcs/ha. Crowdedness of crop (by 20 thousand/ha) led to a decrease in this indicator by 4.8–22.0 % compared to the previous one. An increase in agrocenosis density caused to decrease in grain weight and grain size of the panicle, but the 1000 grain weight was relatively stable. The optimal values of the 1000 grain weight in varieties and hybrids were obtained at plant density of 120–140 thousand/ha. The structure of the yield was significantly influenced by the genetic features of sorghum and the sowing density. The influence of the method of sowing was insignificant. On average, over the years of research, the highest yield of grain sorghum was in trials with a row spacing of 45 cm: Prime hybrid – 5.89 t/ha, Dniprovskyi 39 variety – 4.62 t/ha (plant density of 140 thousand/ha) and Vinets variety – 3.70 t/ha (160 thousand/ha). The grain yield of the Prime hybrid at growing with 70 cm row spacing was 5.70–5.71 t/ha at a plant density of 120–140 thousand/ha, respectively. The Dniprovskyi 39 variety had the same yield indicators (4.57 t/ha) at plant density of 120 and 140 thousand/ha. The grain yield of the Vinets variety at a plant density of 160 thousand/ha and a row spacing of 70 cm was 3.83 t/ha. Crowdedness of plants above the specified density caused a decrease in grain productivity. Key words: grain sorghum, plant density, leaf area, individual area of the assimilation apparatus, agrocenosis density, grain productivity.
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