微生物α-淀粉酶研究进展及生物技术进展

Rajendra Singh, S. Kim, Anila Kumari, P. Mehta
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引用次数: 5

摘要

α-淀粉酶是一种具有广泛应用前景的工业酶。微生物α-淀粉酶在制糖、洗涤剂、造纸、纺织、制药等行业具有催化作用,在酶类市场中占有近25-30%的份额。α-淀粉酶水解淀粉结构组分的糖苷键,生成麦芽糖、葡萄糖和高果糖糖浆。淀粉是地球上第二丰富的有机物质,是一种容易获得的低成本可再生基质,主要用于生物炼制和食品工业。淀粉酶因其参与碳水化合物代谢而在自然界中无处不在。微生物源α-淀粉酶相对于动植物源α-淀粉酶具有技术优势。考虑到理化性质,细菌α-淀粉酶是最多样化的。然而,对于工业用途,生物催化剂的这些特性,无论是单独的还是组合的,都需要根据目标过程通过基因和蛋白质工程进行修饰。本文综述了微生物源α-淀粉酶的研究现状、商业应用、相关行业的市场趋势,以及通过重组DNA技术和蛋白质工程技术在热稳定性、催化功能、pH耐受性、底物和产品特异性等方面取得的进展。
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An overview on microbial α-amylase and recent biotechnological developments
The α-amylase is one of the most promising commercial enzymes that has tremendous applications in various industries. Microbial α-amylase share almost 25-30% in enzymes market due to its catalytic function in several industries, including sugar, detergent, paper, textile, pharmaceutical industries, etc. The α-amylase hydrolyze glycosidic linkages of structural components of starch result in maltose, glucose, and high fructose syrups. Starch, the second most abundant organic substance on the Earth, is a readily available, low-cost renewable substrate mainly in biorefinery and food industries. Amylases are ubiquitous in nature due to its involvement in carbohydrate metabolism. The α-amylases of microbial origin have technical advantage as compared to animal and plant origin. Considering physicochemical properties, bacterial α-amylases are most diverse. However, for industrial purpose, these properties of the biocatalyst, either individually or in a combination, are required to modify through genetic and protein engineering according to the targeted process. The review presents an overview on the current findings of microbial sourced α-amylases, commercial applications, market trends on relevant industries and achieved improvements in thermostability, catalytic function, pH tolerance, Substrate and product specificities through recombinant DNA technology and protein engineering.
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