康斯坦丁·维索茨基与19世纪下半叶西伯利亚地区城镇的媒体革命

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.17223/23062061/27/5
N. P. Dvortsova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章描述了康斯坦丁·维索茨基(1836-1886)的活动,他是第一个在秋明开设摄影工作室(1866)、平版印刷工作室(1867)、印刷厂(1869)和报纸(1879)的人。维索茨基在媒体及其转型/革命的历史背景下的第一次思考有助于研究的新颖性。它允许以一种系统的方式描述他在19世纪下半叶西伯利亚地区城镇的媒体转型经历,而不是迄今为止存在于科学中的局部和零碎的描述。研究方法本质上是综合的:在文化史的边界内(F. Barbier),将书籍印刷作为一种与经济、社会和文化变革相关的文化实践研究与上下文和互文方法、书目和结构类型学分析相结合。研究资料包括维索茨基的书籍、照片、平版印刷和报纸遗产,这些遗产保存在俄罗斯国家图书馆、托博尔斯克历史和建筑博物馆保护区。斯洛佐夫博物馆综合体(秋明)和秋明大学的数字收藏,题为“维索茨基与秋明的媒体文化”。维索茨基既是城市经济、技术、社会和文化转型的客体,也是城市转型的主体。他在积极地、创造性地改变它。通过对维索茨基新闻出版活动的分析,揭示了他在秋明航运公司和铁路历史上的作用。维索茨基与城市景观变化之间的联系被展示出来。介绍了维索茨基的人物形象可以在19世纪60年代至70年代俄罗斯新人们现象的背景下解释的观点。文章表明,秋明一代新人(N.M.楚克马尔金、K.N.维索茨基、i.a.卡尔加诺夫等)的日常实践(阅读、自我教育、走向“光明和意志”的运动、仆主关系的新秩序),在很大程度上是在尼古拉·车尔尼雪夫斯基的小说《怎么办?》的影响下形成的。《新民故事集》(1863),尼古拉·雅德林塞夫的西伯利亚改造思想,伊万·屠格涅夫对堂吉诃德形象的解读(《哈姆雷特与堂吉诃德》,1860)。本文介绍了楚克马尔金回忆录《我的生活笔记》(1902)和车尔尼雪夫斯基小说中揭示新人形象的母题系统的互文联系。可以确定的是,维索茨基出版的第一本书《秋明房地产经理俱乐部章程》实际上成为了维索茨基和楚克马尔丁向秋明人民传达的关于城市新生活的信息。另一个发现是维索茨基从摄影到书籍印刷的专业发展逻辑。作者讨论了维索茨基印刷厂以纪录片和非小说类型(公路书、法规、报告、日历、目录等)为主的印刷作品的结构。由Vysotsky创作的秋明的书籍和视觉肖像(与graphosphere相关的摄影和平版印刷)的互补性促成了城市中出现的新的超现实。
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Konstantin Vysotsky and the Media Revolution in a Siberian Regional Town of the Second Half of the 19th Century
The article describes the activities of Konstantin Vysotsky (1836-1886), who was first to open a photographic studio (1866), a lithographic studio (1867), a printing house (1869), and a newspaper (1879) in Tyumen. The first consideration of Vysotsky in the context of the history of the media and their transformations/revolutions contributes to the novelty of the research. It allows for a description of his experience of media transformations in a Siberian regional town of the second half of the 19th century in a systematic way, as opposed to the local and fragmentary descriptions which existed in science until now. The research methodology is integrative in nature: the study of book printing as a cultural practice in connection with economic, social and cultural transformations within the boundaries of cultural history (F. Barbier) is combined with contextual and intertextual approaches, bibliological and structural-typological analysis. The research material contains Vysotsky’s book, photographic, lithographic, and newspaper heritage stored in the Russian National Library, Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve, I.Ya. Slovtsov Museum Complex (Tyumen), and the Digital Collection of the University of Tyumen entitled K.N. Vysotsky and the Media Culture of Tyumen. Vysotsky is presented both as an object and a subject of the economic, technological, social, and cultural transformations of the city. He was actively and creatively changing it. Based on the analysis of Vysotsky’s journalistic and publishing activities, his role in the history of the Tyumen shipping company and railway is revealed. The connection between Vysotsky and the landscape transformations of the city is shown. The idea that Vysotsky’s figure can be interpreted in the context of the phenomenon of new people in Russia in the 1860s-1870s is introduced. It is shown that the Tyumen generation of new people (N.M. Chukmaldin, K.N. Vysotsky, I. A. Kalganov, etc.) with their daily practices (reading, self-education, movement towards “light and will”, a new order in servant-master relations) was being formed largely under the influence of Nikolay Chernyshevsky’s novel What Is to Be Done? Tales of New People (1863), Nikolai Yadrintsev’s ideas of Siberian renovation, Ivan Turgenev’s interpretation of the image of Don Quixote (Hamlet and Don Quixote, 1860). Intertextual connections of the system of motifs revealing the image of new people in Nikolai Chukmaldin’s memoirs Notes on My Life (1902) and Chernyshevsky’s novel are presented. It is established that the first book published by Vysotsky, Charter of the Estate Manager Club in Tyumen, actually became a message about a new life of the city which Vysotsky and Chukmaldin addressed to the people of Tyumen. Another finding is the logic of Vysotsky’s professional development from photography to book printing. The author discusses the structure of the Vysotsky printing house repertoire dominated by documentary and non-fiction genres (road books, statutes, reports, calendars, catalogs, etc.). The complementarity of the book and visual (photographic and lithographic associated with the graphosphere) portraits of Tyumen created by Vysotsky contributed to a new hyper-reality which appeared in the city.
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Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing
Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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