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摘要

本文分析了孔子的《论语》,从文学的角度来看,这是对中国乃至世界教育发展最重要的贡献。以孔子为代表的儒家思想(特别是启蒙思想)是中华民族传统文化的中流砥柱,是中华民族长远发展的精神支柱。两千多年来,儒家思想在中国政治和社会中发挥了不可或缺的作用和意义。传统儒学在漫长的发展过程中,之所以能区别于道教、墨家、阴阳,以及佛教、西方基督教、伊斯兰教等,最根本的原因是它特别注重人的道德教育。儒家教育是中国古代教育的一大重点,它体现了中国古典文化教育的基本特征,是中国教育史上乃至世界教育史上的宝贵财富。然而,儒家教育思想有其自身的历史发展过程,在不同的历史阶段,其内容和表现形式也不尽相同,因此,要取其精华,用古为今,首先要对儒家教育思想进行历史分析。孔子、孟子、《教记》、《大义》等经典著作和一整套儒家学说构成了研究的材料。分析了儒家思想的奠基时期,即奠定儒家理论基础的时期
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COGNITIVE ASPECTS OF THE CONFUCIUS WORLDVIEW (BASED ON THE «LUN YU»)
The article analyzes the treatise of Confucius “Lun Yu”, which in terms of literature is the most important contribution to the development of education not only in China but also around the world. Confucianism (especially enlightenment ideas), represented by Confucius, is the mainstay of the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and is a spiritual support of the long-term development of the Chinese nation. Confucianism has played an indispensable role and significance in Chinese politics and society for over than two thousand years. In the long process of development of traditional Confucianism, the most fundamental reason why it can be distinguished from Taoism, Moism, yin-yang, as well as Buddhism, Western Christianity, Islam, etc. is the special attention to the moral education of people. Confucian education is a major focus of ancient Chinese education, it reflects the basic characteristics of Chinese classical cultural education and is an invaluable asset in the history of Chinese education and around the world. However, Confucian pedagogical thoughts have its own historical process of development, and its content and form of expression are not same at different historical stages, so to extract the essence and use the past for the present, we should first make a historical analysis of Confucian pedagogical thought. Classic works of Confucius, Mencius, Records of Teaching, The Great Doctrine and a complete set of presented Confucian doctrines constitute the material for the study. The period of foundation of Confucian thought, the time when the theoretical foundations of Confucianism were laid, is analyzed
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