语义异常、语用错误和语法错误

IF 3 1区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Annual Review of Linguistics Pub Date : 2019-01-14 DOI:10.1146/ANNUREV-LINGUISTICS-011718-011938
Márta Abrusán
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引用次数: 11

摘要

现代语法的一个主要目标是找到排除看似不合语法的句子的原则。为了实现这一目标,有人提出可以从经验和理论上区分语法奇数(或不合语法)的句子和语义奇数(或语义异常)的句子。然而,有时我们并不清楚为什么一个句子是“奇怪的”,这对我们的句法和语义理论产生了影响。根据许多建议,语义和语用过程可能导致奇怪,经验上感觉更像是不符合语法,而不是语义上的奇怪。但如果是这样的话,那么一个问题就出现了:如何解释那些感觉不合语法的句子和那些仅仅感觉语义(或语用)异常的句子之间的直观差异?本文通过描述和比较不同的语义和语用建议来解决这个问题,这些建议解释了不同类型的怪异:不符合语法、语义异常和语用错误。
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Semantic Anomaly, Pragmatic Infelicity, and Ungrammaticality
A major goal of modern syntax has been to find principles that rule out sentences that seem ungrammatical. To achieve this goal, it has been proposed that syntactically odd (or ungrammatical) sentences can be distinguished empirically and theoretically from semantically odd (or semantically anomalous) sentences. However, sometimes it is not clear why a sentence is “weird,” which has repercussions for our syntactic and semantic theories. According to a number of proposals, semantic and pragmatic processes can lead to weirdness that empirically feels more like ungrammaticality than semantic oddness. But if this is so, then a question arises: What explains the intuitive difference between sentences that feel ungrammatical and those that merely feel semantically (or pragmatically) anomalous? This article addresses this question by describing and comparing various semantic and pragmatic proposals for explaining different types of weirdness: ungrammaticality, semantic anomaly, and pragmatic infelicity.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
6.20%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Linguistics, in publication since 2015, covers significant developments in the field of linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and their interfaces. Reviews synthesize advances in linguistic theory, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, language change, biology and evolution of language, typology, as well as applications of linguistics in many domains.
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