脊柱前路内固定对单节段颈椎移植物力学的影响

D. DiAngelo, Weiqiang Liu, B. Kelly, K. Foley
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摘要

颈前路椎间盘切除术伴或不伴植骨融合是治疗颈椎病或其他椎间盘疾病的一种可接受的手术方法。可以使用单独的移植物或附加脊柱内固定的移植物来固定手术/受伤区域以促进骨融合。植骨内固定融合旨在恢复手术脊柱的机械完整性并减少植骨并发症。虽然外科手术应该恢复手术脊柱的机械完整性,但对单节段移植结构的负荷分担机制知之甚少。我们之前的研究表明,前路内固定逆转了在生理屈伸条件下测试的多级颈椎支撑移植物的载荷机制(DiAngelo等,2000)。我们假设单节段颈椎前钢板将以类似的方式发挥作用。也就是说,单节段颈椎前钢板将通过在伸展时加载移植物和在屈曲时卸载移植物来逆转移植物上的负荷。我们还假设,单独的移植物结构不能提供足够的稳定性,与在屈曲和伸展中测试的移植条件相比。该研究的目的是确定在生理屈曲和伸展条件下测试的四种不同脊柱条件的生物力学稳定性。包括切除、椎间盘切除、单独移植和单节段颈椎前钢板移植。
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Effects of Anterior Spinal Instrumentation on Single-Level Cervical Graft Mechanics
Anterior cervical discectomy with or without graft fusion is an acceptable surgical method for the treatment of cervical spondylosis or other spinal disc diseases. A graft-alone or graft with supplemental spinal instrumentation may be used to immobilize the operated/injured region to promote bony fusion. Graft fusion with instrumentation is intended to restore the mechanical integrity of the operated spine and decrease graft complications. Although the surgical procedure should restore the mechanical integrity of the operated spine, little is known of the load-sharing mechanics of single-level grafted constructs. We have previously shown that anterior instrumentation reverses the loading mechanics of a multi-level cervical strut-graft tested under physiologic flexion and extension conditions (DiAngelo et al., 2000). We hypothesize that a single-level anterior cervical plate will function in a similar manner. That is, a single-level anterior cervical plate will reverse the loads on the graft by loading the graft in extension and unloading the graft in flexion. We also hypothesize that a graft-alone construct does not provide adequate stabilization comparable to that of the graft-plated condition tested in flexion and extension. The objective of the study was to determine the biomechanical stability of four different spine conditions tested under physiologic flexion and extension conditions. They included the harvested, discectomized, graft-alone, and graft with single-level anterior cervical plate.
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