科尔图班过滤营工作人员的日常生活

Artem V. Latyshev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文考察了科尔图班过滤营工作人员的日常生活。它从1942年初到1943年秋天在奇卡洛夫(奥伦堡)地区的西部运作。它的任务是筛选从囚禁中返回或曾在占领区的苏联士兵。文章描述了营地指挥官的身份、普通雇员的招聘来源、人数、教育水平和性别构成。在许多方面,集中营的工作人员与囚犯关系密切:被迫动员服役,物质条件恶劣,渴望去前线。对下级工作人员实行严格的纪律,但主要由中层管理人员经常进行大规模盗窃和挪用公款。看守和囚犯之间的日常接触主要集中在贸易和物物交换上。文件中没有反映侵略和残忍的案件,工作人员和囚犯之间的密切接触也没有反映出来。本文特别关注由于过滤营地地位不确定而导致的营地管理紧张局势。特殊部门不仅在过滤方面保持独立,而且声称在整个集中营的管理中起主要作用。检察官企图超越他的职权范围。政委希望与集中营负责人平等地解决所有问题,并改变囚犯的制度,这将使过滤营成为一种预备役军事单位。
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Everyday Life of the Staff in Koltuban Filtration Camp
The article examines the everyday life of the staff of Koltuban filtration camp. It operated from early 1942 to autumn 1943 in the west of the Chkalov (Orenburg) region. Its task was to filter Soviet soldiers who returned from captivity or who had been in the occupied territory. The article describes the identity of the camp commanders, the sources of recruitment of ordinary employees, their number, educational levels and gender composition. In many respects, the camp staff were close to inmates: forced mobilization for service, harsh material conditions, the desire to go to the front. Strict discipline was maintained among minor staff members, but large-scale theft and embezzlement was regularly carried out mainly by middle-ranking management. Everyday contacts between the guards and inmates primarily centred around trade and barter. Cases of aggression and cruelty are not reflected in the documents, neither are close contacts between the staff and the inmates. This article pays special attention to the tensions among the camp administration due to the uncertain status of the filtration camps. The special department not only maintained its independence in filtration but also claimed to play the main role in the management of the entire camp. The prosecutor sought to go beyond the boundaries of his functions. The commissar wanted to solve all issues on an equal footing with the head of the camp and make changes to the regime for inmates, which would turn the filtration camp into a kind of reserve military unit.
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20
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