胎龄小:儿童高血压发生的危险因素?

Shreyas A Surpure, Shobha Sharma, Sonal Saste, N. Kabra, S. Bavdekar
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摘要

背景:关于血压升高与SGA状态的关系,有相互矛盾的证据。大多数显示正相关的研究表明,这种关联存在于7岁以上的儿童中。目的:确定3-5岁儿童、出生为sga的儿童和出生为aga的儿童患高血压的比例是否存在显著差异。方法:观察性横断面研究在一家私立三级保健医院进行。临床健康儿童(年龄:3-5岁)被纳入并分为出生时为sga的儿童和出生时为AGA的儿童。用示波仪记录血压,每隔至少10分钟重复3次。三次血压记录的平均值被认为是参与者的真实血压。研究人群的人口学特征采用描述性统计进行总结。分类结果的比较采用卡方检验或Fischer精确检验。对于连续结果,使用“t检验”。P值小于0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:本研究纳入了27例sga出生的儿童和27例aga出生的儿童。SGA组9例(33.33%)、AGA组1例(3.7%)发生高血压(p= 0.011)。SGA组收缩压(103.20±8.62 mmHg)明显高于AGA组(98.58±6.60 mmHg) (p=0.031)。SGA组舒张压(平均±SD)为62.75±9.19 mm Hg,两组舒张压差异无统计学意义(AGA: 59.00±5.11mm Hg, SGA: 62.75±9.19;p = 0.07)。结论:出生时SGA是3-5岁儿童高血压的危险因素。
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Small for gestational age: A risk factor for the development of hypertension in childhood?
Background: There is conflicting evidence regarding the association of elevated blood pressure and SGA status. Most of the studies showing positive association have demonstrated this association in children aged above 7 years. Objectives: To determine if there is a significant difference between the proportion of children aged 3-5 years, born-SGA and those born-AGA developing hypertension. Methodology: The observational cross-sectional study was carried out at a private tertiary care hospital. Clinically healthy children (age: 3-5 years) were enrolled and grouped as those who born-SGA and those who were born AGA. Blood pressure was recorded with oscillometric device and procedure was repeated three times at an interval of at least 10 minutes. The mean of three blood pressure recordings was considered as the participant’s true blood pressure. The demographic characteristics of the study population were summarized using descriptive statistics. Categorical outcomes were compared by using Chi square or Fischer exact test. For continuous outcomes, ‘t test’ was used. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study enrolled 27 SGA-born children and 27 AGA-born children. Nine children (33.33%) in the SGA group and one child (3.7%) in the AGA group developed hypertension (p= 0.011).  The systolic blood pressure in the SGA group (103.20±8.62 mmHg) was significantly higher than that in the AGA group (98.58±6.60 mmHg) (p=0.031). The diastolic blood pressure (mean ± SD) in the SGA group was 62.75 ± 9.19 mm Hg. There was no significant difference between the diastolic blood pressures in the two groups (AGA: 59.00±5.11mm Hg, SGA: 62.75 ± 9.19; p= 0.07). Conclusion: Being born SGA was thus found to be a risk factor for hypertension in 3-5 years old children.
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