{"title":"授粉前后温度对‘Chanee’榴莲花粉功能的影响","authors":"N. Kozai, H. Higuchi","doi":"10.2525/ecb.58.85","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Hand pollination is commonly practiced in commercial durian orchards to guarantee fruit set and production of evenly shaped fruit. Durian flowers usually contain five locules in the ovary, with each holding 5―7 ovules (Kozai et al., 2014a), which develop into seeds. The seeds are concealed by the edible part of durian, called the aril (Enoch, 1980). The presence of seeds affects durian fruit shape, with fruits having a good shape graded as high quality when traded in the market (Tantrakonnsab and Tantrakoonsab, 2018). Artificial hand pollination is therefore important for production and yield. Pollen function is one of the most important factors determining successful fertilization (Dag et al., 2000; Alcaraz et al., 2011; Matsuda et al., 2011; Kozai et al., 2014b; Pham et al., 2015). Fresh pollen germination has been shown to be optimal at 20―25°C in durian (Kozai et al., 2014b). The same study reported that pollen germination decrease differed between two consecutive years under different temperature regimes, with 15°C having no effect observed compared with 20―25°C in the first year, but a decrease observed in the second year. The difference might have resulted from different temperature conditions during flower opening. The pollen material used in their study was collected at 1900 hours from the orchard, when anther dehiscence had completed. Durian flowers begin to open at around 1600 hours followed by anther dehiscence at approximately 1700 hours, with both ending at around 1900 hours. Growers therefore tend to commence hand pollination using fresh pollen at around 1900 hours; hence collection of pollen at 1900 hours in the experiment by Kozai et al. (2014b). However, the effect of temperature conditions on pollen function during flowering is not yet fully understood. Air temperatures start to decrease at around 1600 hours and can drop below 20°C even during the evening time. Thus, to achieve successful fertilization, it is important to understand the effect of ambient temperatures before and during anther dehiscence (1600 to 1900 hours) on subsequent pollen germination. Pollen tube elongation is also an important factor affecting fruit set and quality (Dag et al., 2000; Matcha et al., 2006; Matsuda et al., 2011; Kozai et al., 2014b; Pham et al., 2015). Kozai et al. (2014b) reported a decrease in pollen tube elongation at both low ( 15°C) and high temperatures ( 30°C) in ‘Monthong’ durian. They further revealed that reproductive development in ‘Monthong’ is also sensitive to low temperatures; however, the information on other cultivars is lacking. Most research on durian is conducted using ‘Monthong’ because it is the dominant cultivar in Thailand. Furthermore, although comparisons of fruit setting (Honsho et al., 2004), ovule development (Kozai et al., 2014a), and pollen germination have been carried out between cultivars (Salakpetch et al., 1992), little is known about how pollen tube elongation is affected by temperature. ‘Chanee’ is another commercial cultivar in Thailand","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of Temperature before and after Pollination on Pollen Function in ‘Chanee’ Durian\",\"authors\":\"N. Kozai, H. 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The same study reported that pollen germination decrease differed between two consecutive years under different temperature regimes, with 15°C having no effect observed compared with 20―25°C in the first year, but a decrease observed in the second year. The difference might have resulted from different temperature conditions during flower opening. The pollen material used in their study was collected at 1900 hours from the orchard, when anther dehiscence had completed. Durian flowers begin to open at around 1600 hours followed by anther dehiscence at approximately 1700 hours, with both ending at around 1900 hours. Growers therefore tend to commence hand pollination using fresh pollen at around 1900 hours; hence collection of pollen at 1900 hours in the experiment by Kozai et al. (2014b). However, the effect of temperature conditions on pollen function during flowering is not yet fully understood. Air temperatures start to decrease at around 1600 hours and can drop below 20°C even during the evening time. Thus, to achieve successful fertilization, it is important to understand the effect of ambient temperatures before and during anther dehiscence (1600 to 1900 hours) on subsequent pollen germination. Pollen tube elongation is also an important factor affecting fruit set and quality (Dag et al., 2000; Matcha et al., 2006; Matsuda et al., 2011; Kozai et al., 2014b; Pham et al., 2015). Kozai et al. (2014b) reported a decrease in pollen tube elongation at both low ( 15°C) and high temperatures ( 30°C) in ‘Monthong’ durian. They further revealed that reproductive development in ‘Monthong’ is also sensitive to low temperatures; however, the information on other cultivars is lacking. Most research on durian is conducted using ‘Monthong’ because it is the dominant cultivar in Thailand. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
人工授粉通常在商业榴莲果园实行,以保证果实固定和生产形状均匀的果实。榴莲花的子房通常有5个房室,每个房室有5-7个胚珠(Kozai et al., 2014a),胚珠发育成种子。种子隐藏在榴莲的可食用部分,称为假种皮(Enoch, 1980)。种子的存在影响榴莲果实的形状,在市场上交易时,具有良好形状的果实被评为高质量(tanakonnsab和tanakoonsab, 2018)。因此,人工授粉对生产和产量非常重要。花粉功能是决定成功受精的最重要因素之一(Dag et al., 2000;Alcaraz et al., 2011;Matsuda等人,2011;Kozai等人,2014;Pham et al., 2015)。新鲜花粉在20-25℃的榴莲中萌发最佳(Kozai et al., 2014b)。同一项研究报道,在不同温度下,连续两年花粉发芽率下降不同,15°C与20-25°C相比,第一年没有影响,但第二年有所下降。这种差异可能是由于开花时不同的温度条件造成的。他们研究中使用的花粉材料是在1900时从果园收集的,当时花药已经开裂完成。榴莲花在1600时左右开始开放,随后在1700时左右花药开裂,在1900时左右结束。因此,种植者倾向于在1900小时左右开始使用新鲜花粉进行手工授粉;因此Kozai等人(2014b)在实验中采集了1900小时的花粉。然而,温度条件对开花期间花粉功能的影响尚不完全清楚。空气温度在1600时左右开始下降,甚至在晚上也会降到20°C以下。因此,为了实现成功的受精,了解花药开裂之前和期间(1600 ~ 1900小时)的环境温度对随后花粉萌发的影响是很重要的。花粉管伸长也是影响坐果和品质的重要因素(Dag et al., 2000;Matcha et al., 2006;Matsuda等人,2011;Kozai等人,2014;Pham et al., 2015)。Kozai等人(2014b)报道,在低温(15°C)和高温(30°C)下,“月通”榴莲花粉管伸长都有所下降。他们进一步发现,“月通”的生殖发育对低温也很敏感;然而,其他品种的资料缺乏。大多数关于榴莲的研究都是用“月通”进行的,因为它是泰国的优势品种。此外,虽然在不同品种间进行了坐果(Honsho et al., 2004)、胚珠发育(Kozai et al., 2014a)和花粉萌发的比较(Salakpetch et al., 1992),但对花粉管伸长如何受温度影响知之甚少。“Chanee”是泰国的另一种商业品种
Effect of Temperature before and after Pollination on Pollen Function in ‘Chanee’ Durian
Hand pollination is commonly practiced in commercial durian orchards to guarantee fruit set and production of evenly shaped fruit. Durian flowers usually contain five locules in the ovary, with each holding 5―7 ovules (Kozai et al., 2014a), which develop into seeds. The seeds are concealed by the edible part of durian, called the aril (Enoch, 1980). The presence of seeds affects durian fruit shape, with fruits having a good shape graded as high quality when traded in the market (Tantrakonnsab and Tantrakoonsab, 2018). Artificial hand pollination is therefore important for production and yield. Pollen function is one of the most important factors determining successful fertilization (Dag et al., 2000; Alcaraz et al., 2011; Matsuda et al., 2011; Kozai et al., 2014b; Pham et al., 2015). Fresh pollen germination has been shown to be optimal at 20―25°C in durian (Kozai et al., 2014b). The same study reported that pollen germination decrease differed between two consecutive years under different temperature regimes, with 15°C having no effect observed compared with 20―25°C in the first year, but a decrease observed in the second year. The difference might have resulted from different temperature conditions during flower opening. The pollen material used in their study was collected at 1900 hours from the orchard, when anther dehiscence had completed. Durian flowers begin to open at around 1600 hours followed by anther dehiscence at approximately 1700 hours, with both ending at around 1900 hours. Growers therefore tend to commence hand pollination using fresh pollen at around 1900 hours; hence collection of pollen at 1900 hours in the experiment by Kozai et al. (2014b). However, the effect of temperature conditions on pollen function during flowering is not yet fully understood. Air temperatures start to decrease at around 1600 hours and can drop below 20°C even during the evening time. Thus, to achieve successful fertilization, it is important to understand the effect of ambient temperatures before and during anther dehiscence (1600 to 1900 hours) on subsequent pollen germination. Pollen tube elongation is also an important factor affecting fruit set and quality (Dag et al., 2000; Matcha et al., 2006; Matsuda et al., 2011; Kozai et al., 2014b; Pham et al., 2015). Kozai et al. (2014b) reported a decrease in pollen tube elongation at both low ( 15°C) and high temperatures ( 30°C) in ‘Monthong’ durian. They further revealed that reproductive development in ‘Monthong’ is also sensitive to low temperatures; however, the information on other cultivars is lacking. Most research on durian is conducted using ‘Monthong’ because it is the dominant cultivar in Thailand. Furthermore, although comparisons of fruit setting (Honsho et al., 2004), ovule development (Kozai et al., 2014a), and pollen germination have been carried out between cultivars (Salakpetch et al., 1992), little is known about how pollen tube elongation is affected by temperature. ‘Chanee’ is another commercial cultivar in Thailand