奥古斯丁和斯科沃罗达基督教哲学中的自由人类学问题

M. M. Potsiurko
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Also, the analysis of the original sources of the thinkers has allowed to formulate the theoretical and practical significance of their ideas in this field and their importance for the further development of world philosophy. Originality. It has been confirmed that in the religious philosophy of Augustine, freedom appears on an immanent-spiritual plane and is a phenomenon manifested as a person’s ability of self-determination in his actions. Augustine explains freedom by raising the question of free will, evil, salvation, predestination and divine grace. It is substantiated that the analysis of the problem of freedom in the philosophy of H. Skovoroda presupposes an understanding of the main components of his philosophical and anthropological theory: ontological (the doctrine of \"two natures\" and \"three worlds\"); gnoseological (the concept of self-knowledge); ethical (the problem of happiness, good, etc.). 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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。本研究旨在界定和理解自由现象作为奥古斯丁和斯科沃罗达基督教哲学遗产中的一个人类学问题。本研究的目的是:a)确定奥古斯丁基督教哲学中自由问题的主要方面;b)厘清斯科沃罗达哲学人类学对自由理解的本质和特殊性;c)比较奥古斯丁和斯科沃罗达对自由问题陈述的特点。理论基础。这一目的的实现是基于对奥古斯丁和斯科沃罗达哲学观点中自由概念内容的理论-方法、历史-哲学和比较分析。同时,通过对这些思想家的原始思想来源的分析,可以形成他们的思想在这一领域的理论和实践意义,以及他们对世界哲学进一步发展的重要性。创意。已经证实,在奥古斯丁的宗教哲学中,自由出现在一个内在的精神层面上,是一种表现为一个人在其行动中自决能力的现象。奥古斯丁通过提出自由意志、邪恶、救赎、预定和神的恩典等问题来解释自由。事实证明,要分析斯科沃罗达哲学中的自由问题,首先要了解他的哲学和人类学理论的主要组成部分:本体论(“两性”和“三个世界”学说);Gnoseological(自我认识的概念);伦理(幸福、善良等问题)。在两位哲学家的著作中,人类的自由在概念和语义方面被定义为善与恶之间的道德和伦理选择。可以确定的是,奥古斯丁和斯科沃罗达都强调人根据其规范发现道德、精神法则和生活——这是一种积极的自由观念(“为之自由”),而呼吁逃离邪恶世界则是一种消极的自由观念(“从之自由”)。结论。因此,我们继续对乌克兰哲学思想中对人类自由概念的理解的特殊性进行历史哲学研究,这是通过将其与世界哲学的理论遗产以及过去的精神和哲学经验进行比较来表现的。奥勒留·奥古斯丁和赫里赫里·斯科沃罗达的自由观念在意识形态上的相似性是显而易见的。
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Freedom as an Anthropological Problem in the Christian Philosophy of Aurelius Augustine and Hryhorii Skovoroda
Purpose. The study aims to define and comprehend the phenomenon of freedom as an anthropological problem in the Christian philosophical heritage of A. Augustine and H. Skovoroda. The objectives of the study are: a) to identify the main aspects of the problem of freedom in the Christian philosophy of Augustine; b) to clarify the essence and specificity of understanding of freedom in the philosophical anthropology of H. Skovoroda; c) to compare the peculiarities of the statement of the problem of freedom by Augustine and Skovoroda. Theoretical basis. The achievement of the purpose is based on theoretical-methodological, historical-philosophical and comparative analysis of the content of the concept of freedom within the philosophical views of A. Augustine and H. Skovoroda. Also, the analysis of the original sources of the thinkers has allowed to formulate the theoretical and practical significance of their ideas in this field and their importance for the further development of world philosophy. Originality. It has been confirmed that in the religious philosophy of Augustine, freedom appears on an immanent-spiritual plane and is a phenomenon manifested as a person’s ability of self-determination in his actions. Augustine explains freedom by raising the question of free will, evil, salvation, predestination and divine grace. It is substantiated that the analysis of the problem of freedom in the philosophy of H. Skovoroda presupposes an understanding of the main components of his philosophical and anthropological theory: ontological (the doctrine of "two natures" and "three worlds"); gnoseological (the concept of self-knowledge); ethical (the problem of happiness, good, etc.). It is determined that human freedom in the work of both philosophers is defined in conceptual and semantic aspects as a moral and ethical choice between good and evil. It is established that both Augustine and Skovoroda emphasize the discovery by man of the moral, spiritual law and life in accordance with its norms – this is a kind of idea of positive freedom ("freedom for"), and the call to escape from the world of evil is the idea of negative freedom ("freedom from"). Conclusions. Thus, we continued the historical-philosophical study of the peculiarities of the understanding of the concept of human freedom in Ukrainian philosophical thought, which is manifested by comparing it with the theoretical heritage of world philosophy, with the spiritual and philosophical experience of the past. The ideological kinship of the concepts of freedom of Aurelius Augustine and Hryhorii Skovoroda is obvious.
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