Development of Learning Independence: Cooperation Between a Teacher and a Schoolchild

The ability of a younger schoolchild to show independence in solving practical and educational problems is one of the results of primary education. Obviously, many schoolchildren find it difficult to show independence due to individual differences: personal qualities, attitudes towards learning, purposefulness in cognition, and even the pace of learning activities. However, a teacher who has knowledge of age-related physiology and psychology, using modern teaching methods and technologies, can help a student become more proactive, teach him to plan and control his actions when studying training courses and performing creative tasks. Learning operations that the student masters under the guidance of a teacher and begins to apply first with the help of an adult, and then without outside help, fall into the treasury of his independent actions. The article discusses some approaches to the organization of cooperation between a teacher and a schoolchild, stimulating the development of a student’s independence in learning. Examples of tasks on the mathematical content are given, illustrating these approaches.