西伯利亚口述自传体故事中的“家庭”概念

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.17223/23062061/27/3
S. V. Voloshina, T. A. Demeshkina, M. A. Tolstova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在分析“家庭”概念在自传体小说话语体裁中的运用。研究材料是200个口述自传体故事,这些故事是在1946年至2021年的方言考察期间在托木斯克州的村庄记录的。举报人是托木斯克州村庄的居民;他们是不同语言文化类型的代表(方言和文学语言的母语者)。所有的故事都有一个相对稳定的主题、语言实现方式和结构,这使得它们成为一种语言类型,其交际目的是讲述从出生到交流的那一刻的生活。这篇文章的新颖之处在于:(1)它对日常口语话语中概念与话语类型的互动和相互影响问题的诉求;(2)对概念认知特征的识别;(3)对普通意识中家庭观念转变因素的定义。通过对这一概念的分析,可以获得关于自传体故事话语类型及其建构的新数据。言语体裁表现出“家庭”概念的内容特征和实施方式对功能领域的依赖。这一因素决定了所得结果的理论意义。运用概念结构中的概念层、比喻层和价值层的建模和描述方法,对言语体裁中的概念进行分析。通过语境分析,确定了16个认知特征;它们表现在“家庭”概念的概念层,并在举报人的言语中实现(家庭规模、社会地位、遵守道德规范、家庭成员之间的关系、工作态度等)。概念层在西伯利亚人的日常口语交流中得到了详细的发展。它由大量的词汇单位代表。这个概念的比喻层的特点是单一的实现。同时,还注意到其表达的多样性:隐喻、转喻、比较的使用。家庭世界可以形成隐喻模式的初始和最终领域。在初始球体中,植物(根、蘑菇)、产品(面)的世界主要体现;统一性和亲缘性的语义学在初始领域中得以实现。“家庭”概念的价值层面在口述自传体话语中得到了很好的体现。这表明家庭在农民生命价值体系中占有重要地位。在日常口头话语中构建这一概念的具体细节主要取决于传统文化的态度和规范(家庭应该是大家庭,友好,勤劳,家庭中的年轻成员尊重长辈,等等)。同时,还注意到社会历史进程所决定的家庭价值体系的变化。举报人对这些变化的评价含糊不清,对他们来说,家庭仍然是生活的主要价值之一。区域(自然的、社会的、历史的、地理的)特殊性反映在概念的实现中。
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The Concept “Family” in the Oral Autobiographical Stories of Siberians
The aim of the article is to analyze the implementation of the concept “family” in the speech genre of an autobiographical story. The research material is 200 oral autobiographical stories, which were recorded in the villages of Tomsk Oblast during dialectological expeditions from 1946 till 2021. The informants are residents of villages of Tomsk Oblast; they are representatives of different types of speech culture (native speakers of dialect and literary language). All stories are characterized by a relatively stable theme, means of language implementation, and structure, which allows qualifying them as a speech genre whose communicative purpose is to tell about life from the moment of birth to the moment of communication. The novelty of the article is connected with: (1) its appeal to the problem of interaction and mutual influence of the concept and the speech genre in oral everyday discourse, (2) the identification of cognitive features of the concept, (3) the definition of factors of transformation of ideas about the family in ordinary consciousness. The analysis of the concept makes it possible to obtain new data about the speech genre of the autobiographical story and its construction. The speech genre shows the dependence of the features of the content and implementation of the concept “family” on the sphere of functioning. This factor determines the theoretical significance of the results obtained. The analysis of the concept in the speech genre is carried out using the method of modeling and description of the conceptual, figurative, and value layers in the structure of the concept. As a result of contextual analysis, 16 cognitive features were identified; they are represented in the conceptual layer of the concept “family” and actualized in the speech of informants (family size, social status, compliance with moral norms, relations between family members, attitude to work, etc.). The conceptual layer is developed in detail in the oral everyday communication of Siberians. It is represented by a large number of lexical units. The figurative layer of the concept is characterized by single actualizations. At the same time, the variety of their expression is noted: metaphor, metonymy, comparisons are used. The world of the family can form the initial and resulting spheres of metaphorical models. In the initial sphere, the world of plants (roots, mushrooms), products (noodles) is mainly reflected; the semantics of unity and kinship is actualized in the initial sphere. The value layer of the concept “family” is well represented in the oral autobiographical discourse. It indicates that the family occupies one of the main places in the system of life values of peasants. The specifics of structuring this concept in the oral everyday discourse are determined mainly by the attitudes, norms of traditional culture (the family should be large, friendly, hardworking, young members of family honor the older ones, etc.). At the same time, changes in the system of family values determined by sociohistorical processes are noted. These changes are evaluated ambiguously by informants, and the family is still one of the main values of life for them. Regional (natural, social, historical, geographic) specificity is reflected in the actualization of the concept.
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Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing
Tekst Kniga Knigoizdanie-Text Book Publishing HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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