宽带、高密度、全方位和点源点接收器采集如何改善阿布扎比陆上地震解释

S. Al-Naqbi, A. Elila, J. Vargas, M. Mahgoub
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摘要

采用S4(单源、单传感器)采集地震数据是一项成熟的技术,与传统的震源和接收器阵列采集类型相比,S4具有许多优势。当部署在沙丘等高度变化较大的地方时,该阵列存在阵列内静校正问题,并且也会衰减较高的频率。S4的空间采样密度更大,射线和接收线间距更小,可以与更宽的地震数据带宽相结合,提高断层、裂缝、微小地层特征等许多地震细节的解释分辨率。当地对S4采集地震数据的价值提出了争论,如果只是为了以更短的时间获取地震数据,而阵列采集类型需要太多的设备,通常需要更长的时间。另外,S4确实带来了真正有价值的信息,并产生了出色的地震数据,可以进行合理的解释,这将有助于利用地震数据来优化井眼轨迹的布置。这种高密度宽带三维地震采集调查采用了最新的采集和成像技术,具有全采样波场数据,它提供了有助于降低钻井风险的关键信息,并支持未来的四维油藏监测,与传统数据集相比,提高了信噪比。为了提高最终的图像质量,并保持方位角振幅随偏移量和方位角的变化,定制了一套先进的地震处理工作流程,从而可以推导出岩石的内在性质属性,从而更好地表征储层。多方位叠前深度偏移方法解决了浅部非均质性和速度场非均质性的大部分影响,有时可能被误解为方位各向异性。
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How Broadband, High Dense, Full Azimuth & Point Source Point Receiver Acquisition Improves Seismic Interpretation in Onshore Abu Dhabi
Acquiring seismic data with S4 (Single Source, Single Sensor) is proven technology and it has many advantages over the conventional source and receiver array acquisition type. The array has an intra array statics issue when deployed on large elevation variation such as sand dunes and attenuating higher frequencies as well. S4 with denser spatial sampling with smaller shotline and receiver line spacing could jointly with seismic data broader bandwidth to improve interpreting many seismic details such faults, fractures, tiny stratigraphic features resolution. A debate was raised locally about the value of acquiring seismic data with S4, if only for the sake of acquiring seismic data with shorter time duration compare to the too much equipment needed for array acquisition type that consumes longer time in general. Alternatively, S4 really bring a real value of information and producing an outstanding seismic volume for amenable interpretation with confidence that will lead to utilize the seismic data to help in optimizing the well trajectories placement. This high density broadband 3D seismic acquired survey with fully sampled wave-field data has used the latest acquisition and imaging technologies, it has delivered critical information that can help to reduce drilling risks and to support future 4D reservoir monitoring which improved signal to noise ratio when compared with legacy dataset. An advance seismic processing workflow is tailored to improve the final image quality, and to preserve the azimuthal amplitude variation with offset and azimuth, which in turn can lead to the derivation of intrinsic rock property attributes for better reservoir characterization. A multi azimuth Prestack depth migration approach resolved most of the effects of heterogeneities in the shallow part and in the velocity field, which sometimes can be misinterpreted as azimuthal anisotropy.
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