{"title":"水培番茄植株叶片含水量对水温动态响应的识别与建模","authors":"D. Yumeina, T. Morimoto","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.13","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Hydroponic culture techniques have several potential advantages over soil culture techniques for cultivation, e.g., technical ease of flexible control of the root-zone environment (Gale and Ben-Asher, 1983; Raviv and Lieth, 2007). Promoting growth and producing high quality plants can also be expected through optimal control of the root-zone environment. In order to realize an effective control such as an optimal control, it is important to make a dynamic model of plant response to root-zone environment and then understand the dynamic and static characteristics between these two variables in more detail. In the root-zone environment in hydroponics, water temperature is one of the major manipulating factors for controlling plant growth and development, because it is easy to control using a heater and a cooler. Optimal control of water temperature brings about good fruit ripening with no reduction in growth or fruit set. Ikeda and Osawa (1984) reported that root temperature is an important factor that directly affects plant growth. Root temperature also affects many physiological processes such as respiration (Jensen, 1960), water absorption (Unger and Danielson, 1967), nutrient uptake (Hussain and Maqsood, 2011) and water movement and transpiration (Gray, 1941). Davis and Lingle (1961) elicited increased growth with warmed roots (25 30°C) and decreased growth when roots were cooled below 15°C (Martin and Wilcox, 1963). Although water temperature has been shown to affect plant growth, the physiological basis for the dynamic response in controlling the plant production system has not been thoroughly investigated. Leaf water content, on the other hand, is one of the most important control factors for optimizing growth in plants, because it significantly affects both the quantity and quality of plants (Nonami, 1998). It is, however, difficult to directly and continuously measure the dynamic change in leaf water content of an intact whole plant, without damaging the plant. Leaf thickness is used as a sensitive indicator for estimating leaf water content of plants. Meidner (1990), Syverrtsen and Levy (1982) and Búrquez (1987) used indirect methods for monitoring water status based on using displacement transducers to measure swelling and shrinkage in a wide range of plant tissue such as in leaves. In this study, therefore, the leaf water content was estimated from leaf thickness. An eddy current-type displacement sensor allows the leaf thickness to be measured in a continuous and non-destructive manner. Many researchers have modelled the process of water movement in plants, including root water uptake, using mathematical approaches (Gardner, 1991; Roose and Fowler, 2004; Doussan et al., 2006; Foster and Miklavcic, 2013). They applied mathematical equations to build models of the static relationships between input factors and output factors. However, it is thought that modeling the dynamic behaviors of the physiologicalecological proc-","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"39 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Identifying and Modelling the Dynamic Response of Leaf Water Content to Water Temperature in Hydroponic Tomato Plant\",\"authors\":\"D. Yumeina, T. Morimoto\",\"doi\":\"10.2525/ECB.55.13\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Hydroponic culture techniques have several potential advantages over soil culture techniques for cultivation, e.g., technical ease of flexible control of the root-zone environment (Gale and Ben-Asher, 1983; Raviv and Lieth, 2007). Promoting growth and producing high quality plants can also be expected through optimal control of the root-zone environment. In order to realize an effective control such as an optimal control, it is important to make a dynamic model of plant response to root-zone environment and then understand the dynamic and static characteristics between these two variables in more detail. In the root-zone environment in hydroponics, water temperature is one of the major manipulating factors for controlling plant growth and development, because it is easy to control using a heater and a cooler. Optimal control of water temperature brings about good fruit ripening with no reduction in growth or fruit set. Ikeda and Osawa (1984) reported that root temperature is an important factor that directly affects plant growth. Root temperature also affects many physiological processes such as respiration (Jensen, 1960), water absorption (Unger and Danielson, 1967), nutrient uptake (Hussain and Maqsood, 2011) and water movement and transpiration (Gray, 1941). Davis and Lingle (1961) elicited increased growth with warmed roots (25 30°C) and decreased growth when roots were cooled below 15°C (Martin and Wilcox, 1963). Although water temperature has been shown to affect plant growth, the physiological basis for the dynamic response in controlling the plant production system has not been thoroughly investigated. Leaf water content, on the other hand, is one of the most important control factors for optimizing growth in plants, because it significantly affects both the quantity and quality of plants (Nonami, 1998). It is, however, difficult to directly and continuously measure the dynamic change in leaf water content of an intact whole plant, without damaging the plant. Leaf thickness is used as a sensitive indicator for estimating leaf water content of plants. Meidner (1990), Syverrtsen and Levy (1982) and Búrquez (1987) used indirect methods for monitoring water status based on using displacement transducers to measure swelling and shrinkage in a wide range of plant tissue such as in leaves. In this study, therefore, the leaf water content was estimated from leaf thickness. An eddy current-type displacement sensor allows the leaf thickness to be measured in a continuous and non-destructive manner. Many researchers have modelled the process of water movement in plants, including root water uptake, using mathematical approaches (Gardner, 1991; Roose and Fowler, 2004; Doussan et al., 2006; Foster and Miklavcic, 2013). They applied mathematical equations to build models of the static relationships between input factors and output factors. 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引用次数: 2
摘要
与土壤栽培技术相比,水培栽培技术有几个潜在的优势,例如,技术上易于灵活控制根区环境(Gale和Ben-Asher, 1983;Raviv and Lieth, 2007)。通过对根区环境的优化控制,也可以促进生长和生产优质植株。为了实现最优控制等有效控制,建立植物对根区环境响应的动态模型,从而更详细地了解这两个变量之间的动态和静态特征。在水培法的根区环境中,水温是控制植物生长发育的主要操纵因素之一,因为使用加热器和冷却器很容易控制水温。最佳的水温控制使果实成熟良好,不影响生长和坐果。Ikeda和Osawa(1984)报道根温是直接影响植物生长的重要因素。根温还影响许多生理过程,如呼吸(Jensen, 1960)、水分吸收(Unger and Danielson, 1967)、养分吸收(Hussain and maqood, 2011)以及水分运动和蒸腾(Gray, 1941)。Davis和Lingle(1961)发现,当根系加热(25 - 30°C)时,生长加快,而当根系冷却至15°C以下时,生长减慢(Martin和Wilcox, 1963)。虽然水温对植物生长有影响,但其控制植物生产系统的动态响应的生理基础尚未得到充分研究。另一方面,叶片含水量是优化植物生长的最重要的控制因素之一,因为它对植物的数量和质量都有显著影响(Nonami, 1998)。然而,在不损害整株植物的情况下,很难直接连续地测量整株植物叶片含水量的动态变化。叶片厚度是估计植物叶片含水量的一个敏感指标。Meidner (1990), Syverrtsen和Levy(1982)以及Búrquez(1987)采用间接方法监测水分状况,基于使用位移传感器测量叶片等多种植物组织的膨胀和收缩。因此,在本研究中,通过叶片厚度估算叶片含水量。涡流式位移传感器允许以连续和非破坏性的方式测量叶片厚度。许多研究人员利用数学方法模拟了植物的水分运动过程,包括根部的水分吸收(Gardner, 1991;卢斯和福勒,2004;dousan et al., 2006;Foster and Miklavcic, 2013)。他们运用数学方程式建立了输入因素和输出因素之间静态关系的模型。然而,人们认为对生理生态过程的动态行为进行建模是非常困难的
Identifying and Modelling the Dynamic Response of Leaf Water Content to Water Temperature in Hydroponic Tomato Plant
Hydroponic culture techniques have several potential advantages over soil culture techniques for cultivation, e.g., technical ease of flexible control of the root-zone environment (Gale and Ben-Asher, 1983; Raviv and Lieth, 2007). Promoting growth and producing high quality plants can also be expected through optimal control of the root-zone environment. In order to realize an effective control such as an optimal control, it is important to make a dynamic model of plant response to root-zone environment and then understand the dynamic and static characteristics between these two variables in more detail. In the root-zone environment in hydroponics, water temperature is one of the major manipulating factors for controlling plant growth and development, because it is easy to control using a heater and a cooler. Optimal control of water temperature brings about good fruit ripening with no reduction in growth or fruit set. Ikeda and Osawa (1984) reported that root temperature is an important factor that directly affects plant growth. Root temperature also affects many physiological processes such as respiration (Jensen, 1960), water absorption (Unger and Danielson, 1967), nutrient uptake (Hussain and Maqsood, 2011) and water movement and transpiration (Gray, 1941). Davis and Lingle (1961) elicited increased growth with warmed roots (25 30°C) and decreased growth when roots were cooled below 15°C (Martin and Wilcox, 1963). Although water temperature has been shown to affect plant growth, the physiological basis for the dynamic response in controlling the plant production system has not been thoroughly investigated. Leaf water content, on the other hand, is one of the most important control factors for optimizing growth in plants, because it significantly affects both the quantity and quality of plants (Nonami, 1998). It is, however, difficult to directly and continuously measure the dynamic change in leaf water content of an intact whole plant, without damaging the plant. Leaf thickness is used as a sensitive indicator for estimating leaf water content of plants. Meidner (1990), Syverrtsen and Levy (1982) and Búrquez (1987) used indirect methods for monitoring water status based on using displacement transducers to measure swelling and shrinkage in a wide range of plant tissue such as in leaves. In this study, therefore, the leaf water content was estimated from leaf thickness. An eddy current-type displacement sensor allows the leaf thickness to be measured in a continuous and non-destructive manner. Many researchers have modelled the process of water movement in plants, including root water uptake, using mathematical approaches (Gardner, 1991; Roose and Fowler, 2004; Doussan et al., 2006; Foster and Miklavcic, 2013). They applied mathematical equations to build models of the static relationships between input factors and output factors. However, it is thought that modeling the dynamic behaviors of the physiologicalecological proc-