喷射火焰诱导的预混合甲烷-空气蒸汽云的爆炸特性

Qihua Wang, Chunjie Zhai, Junhui Gong
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摘要

利用CFD软件FLACS对射流火焰点燃的甲烷/空气蒸汽云的爆炸特性进行数值估计,全面了解静止环境空气条件下混合气体的爆炸传播机理。通过模拟实验研究了甲烷浓度对自由分散蒸汽云爆炸特性的影响。预混合射流火焰从充满不同浓度甲烷的长方体管中喷射出来,火焰锋面呈蘑菇状主要是由于喷射出的未燃气体燃烧所致。数值模拟结果与经验公式和解析公式吻合较好,表明该数值模型在评价爆炸行为方面具有较好的精度。研究结果表明,甲烷浓度对射流火焰长度和温度有重要影响,甲烷浓度为11%时,射流火焰长度和温度的峰值为3.3 m,最小值为779.12K。临界着火距离Dc与甲烷浓度的关系与火焰长度的关系相似,而着火温度与甲烷浓度的关系相反。此外,发现临界点火距离远小于射流火焰长度。由于被点燃的蒸汽云使火焰几何形状显著扩大,在实际应用中可能造成严重的二次灾害。
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Explosion Characteristics of a Premixed Methane-Air Vapor Cloud Induced by a Jet Flame
Explosion characteristics of premixed methane/air vapor cloud ignited by a jet flame are estimated numerically using CFD software FLACS to comprehensively understand the explosion propagation mechanism of mixed gas at quiescent ambient air condition. Simulation scenarios were constructed to investigate the effect of methane concentration on the explosive properties of the freely dispersed vapor cloud. The premixed jet flame was ejected from a cuboid tube filled with varying concentrations of methane, and the mushroom shaped flame front was mainly attributed to the combustion of the ejected unburnt gas. The numerical simulations match the empirical and analytical formulas well, indicating the numerical model provides acceptable accuracy in assessing the explosion behaviors. The research results show that the methane concentration plays an important role in determining the jet flame length and temperature which reach respectively a peak value, 3.3 m, and a minimum value, 779.12K, at 11 % methane concentration. The dependence of the critical ignition distance Dc on the methane concentration is similar to that of the flame length, but the ignition temperature exhibits an opposite tendency. Additionally, the critical ignition distance is found much smaller than the jet flame length. The flame geometry is significantly enlarged due to the ignited vapor cloud, which may cause severe secondary disaster in practical scenarios.
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