过量施用甲烷发酵消化浆液对模拟盐积累田中菊苣吸钾能力的影响

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Environmental Control in Biology Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI:10.2525/ECB.55.155
T. Kumano, H. Araki
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引用次数: 1

摘要

甲烷发酵消化浆(甲烷发酵消化浆)含有足够的氮和其他肥料成分,因此已经进行了几项研究,以开发实用技术,将甲烷发酵消化浆用于园艺生产(Möller和m ller, 2012;Endo, 2014)。在实践中,有几项研究更有效地利用DS作为肥料,以实现各种园艺作物的可持续生产,如番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.)、卷心菜(Brassica oleracea L.)、小松(Brassica rapa)和黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.) (Endo et al., 2002;Tokuda et al., 2010;藤川和中村,2010;吉野等人,2012)。另一方面,人们认识到,在日本,化肥成分在土壤中的残留和积累问题越来越明显,不仅在室内,而且在露天园艺生产中,造成这一问题的原因是化学和有机肥料的过度使用(Tanimoto, 1991)。特别是从畜禽粪便,特别是牛粪中提取的堆肥和DS等有机肥,在三大植物常量营养素中钾的含量较高。当我们根据所需的氮量使用土壤时,这种特定的化学构成导致土壤中钾的积累(Goto和Eguchi, 1997;Oyanagi et al., 2002)。为了最大限度地利用有机肥,实现园艺作物的高效生产,有必要研究出避免土壤钾积累的实用解决方案。包括钾在内的盐的积累往往会打破作物对矿物质吸收的平衡。当用作饲料作物时,这可能导致产量下降,质量恶化,并对牲畜产生负面影响,如草貂;因此,人们认识到有效解决土壤盐分积累的重要性(Ito et al., 1981;江,1993)。最近用于从含盐土壤中脱盐的主要技术是:1)过度灌溉或淹水,包括向田间倾倒雪(Aragaki et al., 1986);2)通过去除表层土壤、修整土壤和用底土取代表层土壤来稀释盐类;3)有机质施用,旨在增加土壤的化学、物理和生物缓冲能力(Ikeda et al., 1994);4)种植一种“清洁作物”,这种作物从土壤中吸收盐分的能力很强,例如用作饲料的草或绿肥。最常见的相对容易的方法可能是洪水(过度灌溉):然而,据报道,这种技术有几个问题,例如硝酸盐氮或硫酸盐离子的浸出对地下水质量的影响(Yanagase等人,2005)。此外,研究表明,到目前为止,这种技术可以导致大量的ni-的发射
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The Potassium Absorption Capacity of Witloof Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in Modelled Salt Accumulated Field Made by Excessive Application of Methane Fermentation Digested Slurry
The Methane Fermentation Digested Slurry (DS) contains sufficient nitrogen and other fertilizer components, thus several studies have been conducted on the development of practical techniques to use DS for horticultural productions (Möller and Müller, 2012; Endo, 2014). In practice, there are several studies for a more efficient use of DS as a fertilizer for realizing a sustainable production of various horticultural crops, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), Komatsuna (Brassica rapa) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) (Endo et al., 2002; Tokuda et al., 2010; Fujikawa and Nakamura, 2010; Yoshino et al., 2012). On the other hand, it has been recognized that, in Japan, the problem of remanence and accumulation of fertilizer components in the soil is getting conspicuous, not only for indoor fields but also for open field horticultural production, being the cause of this problem an excessive use of fertilizers, both chemical and organic (Tanimoto, 1991). In particular, the organic fertilizers, such as compost and DS derived from livestock wastes, especially for cow manures, contain a high concentration of potassium among the three major plant macronutrients. This specific chemical constitution leads consequently to the potassium accumulation in the soils when we use it based on the required amount of nitrogen (Goto and Eguchi, 1997; Oyanagi et al., 2002). In order to make the best use of organic fertilizers for an efficient production of horticultural crops, it is necessary to develop practical solutions which can avoid potassium accumulation in the soils. The accumulation of salts, including potassium, tends to break the balance of mineral absorption by crops. This may lead to a yield decreasing, a deterioration in quality and negative impacts to livestock animals such as grass tetany when used as a forage crop; consequently, the importance of effective solutions to evade salt accumulation in the soils has been recognized (Ito et al., 1981; Eguchi, 1993). The major techniques recently used for salt removal from salt accumulated soils are: 1) excessive irrigation or flooding, including dumping the snow into the field (Aragaki et al., 1986); 2) dilution of salts by removing surface soils, soil dressing and plowing to replace surface soil with subsoil; 3) organic matter application which aims to increase chemical, physical and biological soil buffering capacity (Ikeda et al., 1994); and 4) growing a “Cleaning Crop”, which has an excessive salt absorption capacity from the soils, e.g. grass for forage or green manure. The most common method with comparative ease is probably the flooding (excessive irrigation): However, it has been reported that this technique has several problems, such as impacts on the ground water quality by the leaching of nitrate nitrogen or sulphate ion (Yanagase et al., 2005). Furthermore, researches have clarified until now that this technique can lead to the emission of a large amount of ni-
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来源期刊
Environmental Control in Biology
Environmental Control in Biology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agronomy and Crop Science
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发文量
25
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