在乌克兰北部草原东部条件下,农业技术种植做法对呼罗珊小麦(Triticum turanicum)生物特征指标形成的影响

О. Viniukov, O. Butenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

时事性。呼罗珊小麦在消费者中的受欢迎程度是由于它们的谷物比传统小麦具有更多有用的特性。由于缺乏精确的农业技术实践,这种小麦的分布受到限制,而农业技术实践将使植物最大限度地提高其基因编程的生产力。目的。确定栽培技术中提出的要素对乌克兰北部草原东部呼罗珊小麦植株生物特征参数形成的影响。方法。在2021-2022年,根据B. O. Dospehov的方法,在美国国家农业科学院顿涅茨克国家农业研究站进行了大田作物轮作研究。它的前身是向日葵。采用萨尔马特品种呼罗珊小麦播种。研究方法:现场、实验室、数学和统计。结果。与对照品种相比,呼罗珊小麦种植中施用矿物肥有助于在生长季节形成更好的生物特征参数。在完全成熟阶段,植株的习性超过对照变异22 cm。每株节根数增加0.7个,有效分蘖系数增加0.1个。当播种量较低(200万粒/公顷和300万粒/公顷)时,无论营养背景如何,植物都能形成更好的生物特征参数。呼罗珊小麦在N30P30营养背景下形成的生产性芽数最多。有效分蘖系数随出苗率的不同在1.4 ~ 1.2之间变化。结论。增加或减少播种率对作物形成高密度的生理能力没有显著影响。提高出苗率可以形成经济有效的单位面积株密度,虽然减少了单株的有效茎数,但增加了每1 m2的有效茎总数,从而提高了籽粒产量。关键词:呼罗珊小麦,出苗率,营养背景,分蘖系数,节根数,株高,有效分蘖系数,茎数
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Influence of agrotechnological growing practices on the formation of biometric indicators of Khorasan wheat (Triticum turanicum) in the conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Topicality. The popularity of Khorasan wheat among consumers is due to the fact that their grain has more useful properties than traditional wheat types. The distribution of this wheat is restricted by the lack of accurate agrotechnological practices that would allow plants to maximise their genetically programmed productivity. Purpose. To determine the influence of the proposed elements of cultivation technology on the formation of biometric parameters by Khorasan wheat plants in the eastern part of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. In 2021–2022, research was conducted in the field crop rotation of the Donetsk State Agricultural Research Station of NAAS, according to the method of B. O. Dospehov. The predecessor was a sunflower. The Khorasan wheat of Sarmat variety was used for sowing. Research methods were used: field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. Application of mineral fertilisers in the cultivation of Khorasan wheat contributes to the formation of better biometric parameters during the growing season compared to the control variant. At full maturity stage, the habitus of plants exceeds the control variant by 22 cm. The number of nodal roots per plant increases by 0.7 pcs and the productive tillering coefficient– by 0.1. When lower sowing rates are applied (2.0 and 3.0 million seeds/ha), plants form better biometric parameters regardless of nutritional background. The largest number of productive shoots of the Khorasan wheat forms in the nutrition background N30P30. Depending on the seeding rate, the coefficient of productive tillering varied from 1.4 to 1.2. Conclusions. Increasing or decreasing the seeding rate does not significantly affect the physiological ability of the crop to form a high plant density. Economically efficient plant density per unit area can be formed by increasing the seeding rate, which will reduce the number of productive stems per plant, but the total number of productive stems per 1 m2 will increase, as a result, grain yield will increase. Key words: Khorasan wheat, seeding rate, nutritional background, tillering coefficient, number of nodal roots, plant height, productive tillering coefficient, number of stems
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