酒精对短期记忆、工作记忆和其他执行功能任务的影响:范围综述

Ingrid Opperman, K. Cockcroft
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引用次数: 1

摘要

短期记忆、工作记忆和其他执行功能与短期回忆(短期记忆)、信息处理(工作记忆)和复杂的认知加工有关。常见的任务包括连续回忆、回忆操纵(如n-back)、抑制控制(如Go/No-go)和计划(如伦敦塔)。急性饮酒可导致记忆力下降、空间识别能力改变、注意力分配改变、计划、任务切换和认知灵活性降低。然而,所使用的任务类型可能会导致模棱两可的结果。本综述的目的是描述酒精对短期记忆、工作记忆和其他执行功能任务的影响研究中使用的不同任务。19项研究纳入了不同酒精剂量的组间、组内重复测量和混合因子设计。纳入的研究结果表明,急性饮酒对短期记忆、工作记忆和其他执行功能任务的影响是模棱两可的。视觉空间记忆任务与言语记忆任务、顺序记忆任务与序列记忆任务之间存在差异。认知负荷可能不会受到显著影响,但在复杂的排序任务中可能很重要。考虑时间和反应抑制似乎受到负面影响,可能是由于思考时间而不是性能降低。这表明大多数研究没有将短期记忆、工作记忆和其他执行功能分开。这些模式可能受到酒精消费的不同影响。总的来说,需要使用一致的具体方法进行进一步研究,以增强研究的可比性,并明确界定酒精对这些过程的影响。
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The effects of alcohol on short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functioning tasks: A scoping review
Short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functions are related to short-term recall (short-term memory), information manipulation (working memory), and complex cognitive processing. Common tasks include serial recall, manipulation with recall (e.g., n-back), inhibitory control (e.g., Go/No-go), and planning (e.g., Tower of London). Acute alcohol consumption can result in poorer recall, altered spatial recognition, changes in attentional allocation, and reduced planning, task-switching, and cognitive flexibility. However, it is possible that the type of task used may result in equivocal outcomes. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the different tasks used in the study of the effect of alcohol on short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functioning tasks. Nineteen studies were included with between-group, within-group repeated measures, and mixed factorial designs with various alcohol dosages. Findings of the included studies suggested that the impact of acute alcohol consumption on short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functioning tasks is equivocal. Discrepancies existed between visuospatial and verbal tasks and between array versus sequential recall tasks. Cognitive load may not be significantly affected but could be important in complex sequencing tasks. Deliberation times and response inhibition appear to be negatively affected, possibly due to thinking time rather than reduced performance. This suggests that most studies have not separated short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functions. These modalities may be differently affected by alcohol consumption. In general, further research using consistent, specific methods is required to enhance comparability of studies and clearly demarcate the effects of alcohol on these processes.
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来源期刊
Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal
Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal Psychology-Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
14
期刊介绍: Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal publishes contributions from all areas of cognitive science, focusing on disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to information processing and behavior analysis. We encourage contributions from the following domains: psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, linguistics, ethology, anthropology and philosophy of mind. The journal covers empirical studies and theoretical reviews that expand our understanding of cognitive, neural, and behavioral mechanisms. Both fundamental and applied studies are welcomed. On occasions, special issues will be covering particular themes, under the editorship of invited experts.
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