Nowadays, perfectionism in organizations is a popular topic in the scientific literature (Ocampo, Wang, Kiazad, Restubog, & Ashkanasy, 2020; Saklofske, Di Fabio, Svicher, & Smith, 2023; Steinert, Heim, & Leichsenring, 2021). Building on the research on the topic of perfectionism at individual level, the present study investigates how the leader’s other-oriented perfectionism influences followers’ workplace well-being and their job stress, and how the pressure to be performant moderates these relationships in the context of multiple team membership. In order to test the four proposed hypotheses, a quantitative predictive correlational research design was used. Our sample consisted of 155 Romanian employees. Our results indicate that the leader’s other-oriented perfectionism was not related to followers’ job stress. Surprisingly, this form of perfectionism positively related to followers’ workplace well-being. In addition, the pressure to be performant did not moderate the relationship between the leader’s other-oriented perfectionism, on one hand, and job stress and workplace well-being, on the other hand. These findings extend the literature on others-oriented perfectionism and well-being in the context of multiple team membership.
{"title":"The leader’s other-oriented perfectionism, followers’ job stress and workplace well-being in the context of multiple team membership: The moderator role of pressure to be performant","authors":"Miruna Ioana Cîrșmari, Claudia Lenuța Rus, Sabina Ramona Trif, Oana Cătălina Fodor","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.07","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, perfectionism in organizations is a popular topic in the scientific literature (Ocampo, Wang, Kiazad, Restubog, & Ashkanasy, 2020; Saklofske, Di Fabio, Svicher, & Smith, 2023; Steinert, Heim, & Leichsenring, 2021). Building on the research on the topic of perfectionism at individual level, the present study investigates how the leader’s other-oriented perfectionism influences followers’ workplace well-being and their job stress, and how the pressure to be performant moderates these relationships in the context of multiple team membership. In order to test the four proposed hypotheses, a quantitative predictive correlational research design was used. Our sample consisted of 155 Romanian employees. Our results indicate that the leader’s other-oriented perfectionism was not related to followers’ job stress. Surprisingly, this form of perfectionism positively related to followers’ workplace well-being. In addition, the pressure to be performant did not moderate the relationship between the leader’s other-oriented perfectionism, on one hand, and job stress and workplace well-being, on the other hand. These findings extend the literature on others-oriented perfectionism and well-being in the context of multiple team membership.","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crisis situations, such as the still ongoing war in Ukraine, make civic engagement extremely important, especially in Eastern Europe. Eastern European countries not only have extensive borders with Ukraine, but also share a common history as members of the former communist bloc. This part of the world is characterized by low levels of civic engagement, though the proximity of war and the refugee crisis make humanitarian efforts imperative. Therefore, more research is needed to understand personal motivations for civic engagement in Eastern Europe. Employing a mixed-method approach, we tackled the following research questions: (1) What motivated Romanians’ civic engagement in the context of the war in Ukraine? and (2) Are different personal motivations related to online civic engagement differences? The sample included 118 Romanian respondents (Mage = 27.93, SDage = 9.63) who filled in an online survey shortly after the start of the war (March 2022). For the first research question, thematic analysis revealed 2 main themes: Perceived Similarity and General Concern for People. For the second research question, one way-ANOVA results showed that those motivated by perceived similarity with Ukrainians had higher levels of online civic engagement, in comparison with those motivated by general concern for people.
{"title":"Civic engagement during times of crisis: Personal motivations of Romanian adults at the onset of the war in Ukraine","authors":"Bianca V. Marinica, Oana Negru-Subtirica","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.10","url":null,"abstract":"Crisis situations, such as the still ongoing war in Ukraine, make civic engagement extremely important, especially in Eastern Europe. Eastern European countries not only have extensive borders with Ukraine, but also share a common history as members of the former communist bloc. This part of the world is characterized by low levels of civic engagement, though the proximity of war and the refugee crisis make humanitarian efforts imperative. Therefore, more research is needed to understand personal motivations for civic engagement in Eastern Europe. Employing a mixed-method approach, we tackled the following research questions: (1) What motivated Romanians’ civic engagement in the context of the war in Ukraine? and (2) Are different personal motivations related to online civic engagement differences? The sample included 118 Romanian respondents (Mage = 27.93, SDage = 9.63) who filled in an online survey shortly after the start of the war (March 2022). For the first research question, thematic analysis revealed 2 main themes: Perceived Similarity and General Concern for People. For the second research question, one way-ANOVA results showed that those motivated by perceived similarity with Ukrainians had higher levels of online civic engagement, in comparison with those motivated by general concern for people.","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain executive functions (EFs) play a key role in both positive and negative impact on human psychological outcomes. This present study investigated the potential effects of executive impairment (EI) on stress, burnout, well-being, and working memory among teachers during Covid-19 pandemic. We recruited 448 male and female teachers from eastern regions of Thailand using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected at schools with research instruments, including Teacher Primarily Data Questionnaire, Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being, Suanprung Stress Test-20 (SPST-20), Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators (MBI-ES), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A), and Letter Number Sequencing (LNS). Statistical analyses were performed with descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and structural equation analysis (SEM). Results showed that dysfunctions in EFs could predict stress (21.9%). EI and stress could predict burnout (44.8%). EI with stress and burnout could predict working memory (11.9%) and well-being (48.7%). Problems related to EFs showed the direct effect on stress, burnout, working memory, and well-being at the statistical level (p < .001) with the direct effects of .47, .23, -.38, and -.30, respectively. Furthermore, problems related to EFs showed the indirect effect on burnout, working memory, and well-being at the statistical level (p < .001) with the indirect effects of .24, -.24, and .12, respectively. Therefore, EFs could predict psychological outcomes and cognitive performance, for example working memory. In conclusion, EFs play the key role in psychological and behavioral management during the pandemic. This data can be used for planning and designing the effective EFs training program to subsequently promote psychological outcomes and cognition among teachers.
{"title":"The potential role of executive functions in prediction of psychological outcomes and cognitive performance among Thai teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Juthamas Haenjohn, Jatuporn Namyen","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.08","url":null,"abstract":"Brain executive functions (EFs) play a key role in both positive and negative impact on human psychological outcomes. This present study investigated the potential effects of executive impairment (EI) on stress, burnout, well-being, and working memory among teachers during Covid-19 pandemic. We recruited 448 male and female teachers from eastern regions of Thailand using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected at schools with research instruments, including Teacher Primarily Data Questionnaire, Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being, Suanprung Stress Test-20 (SPST-20), Maslach Burnout Inventory for Educators (MBI-ES), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A), and Letter Number Sequencing (LNS). Statistical analyses were performed with descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation, and structural equation analysis (SEM). Results showed that dysfunctions in EFs could predict stress (21.9%). EI and stress could predict burnout (44.8%). EI with stress and burnout could predict working memory (11.9%) and well-being (48.7%). Problems related to EFs showed the direct effect on stress, burnout, working memory, and well-being at the statistical level (p < .001) with the direct effects of .47, .23, -.38, and -.30, respectively. Furthermore, problems related to EFs showed the indirect effect on burnout, working memory, and well-being at the statistical level (p < .001) with the indirect effects of .24, -.24, and .12, respectively. Therefore, EFs could predict psychological outcomes and cognitive performance, for example working memory. In conclusion, EFs play the key role in psychological and behavioral management during the pandemic. This data can be used for planning and designing the effective EFs training program to subsequently promote psychological outcomes and cognition among teachers.","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On what basis do we attribute phenomenal states to others? One answer, defended by John Stuart Mill, appeals to an analogy between ourselves and the similar bodies and actions of others (1865, p. 208). Despite its intuitive plausibility, this position is often rejected (Arico et al., 2011; Buckwalter & Phelan, 2014; Knobe & Prinz, 2008). In line with Mill’s account, we propose that the primary factors used when making phenomenal state ascriptions are the appropriate display of functional and behavioral cues and having bodies with the right kind of physical composition. To test this account, we gave five groups of participants a vignette followed by three to six questions. For four of the groups, the vignette described an alien-human encounter and the participants had to judge the likelihood (on a 7-point scale) that the alien had a non-phenomenal state (a belief) and the likelihood that it could have a phenomenal state (pain). The fifth group, as a control, read a vignette about a similar interaction between two humans. We found that, as appropriate functional and behavioral cues and then humanoid features are added to the alien, people are more willing to attribute a phenomenal state to it. Attributions of the non-phenomenal state are primarily dependent on the appropriate functional and behavioral cues, not on having humanoid features.
我们根据什么将现象状态归因于他人?约翰·斯图亚特·密尔(John Stuart Mill)为一个答案辩护，他将我们自己与他人相似的身体和行为进行类比(1865年，第208页)。尽管这一立场在直觉上是合理的，但它经常被拒绝(Arico et al.， 2011;Buckwalter,费兰,2014;观看,普林茨,2008)。根据密尔的说法，我们提出，在进行现象状态归因时使用的主要因素是功能和行为线索的适当展示，以及具有正确物理组成的身体。为了验证这个说法，我们给了五组参与者一个小插曲，后面跟着三到六个问题。对于其中四个小组，小插图描述了外星人与人类的相遇，参与者必须判断外星人具有非现象状态(信念)和具有现象状态(疼痛)的可能性(以7分制为标准)。第五组作为对照，阅读一篇关于两个人之间类似互动的小短文。我们发现，当适当的功能和行为线索以及人形特征被添加到外星人身上时，人们更愿意将其归因于一种现象状态。非现象状态的归因主要取决于适当的功能和行为线索，而不是具有类人特征。
{"title":"Do you believe that aliens feel pain? An empirical investigation of mental state attributions","authors":"Gregory Johnson, Alana Knowles","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.09","url":null,"abstract":"On what basis do we attribute phenomenal states to others? One answer, defended by John Stuart Mill, appeals to an analogy between ourselves and the similar bodies and actions of others (1865, p. 208). Despite its intuitive plausibility, this position is often rejected (Arico et al., 2011; Buckwalter & Phelan, 2014; Knobe & Prinz, 2008). In line with Mill’s account, we propose that the primary factors used when making phenomenal state ascriptions are the appropriate display of functional and behavioral cues and having bodies with the right kind of physical composition. To test this account, we gave five groups of participants a vignette followed by three to six questions. For four of the groups, the vignette described an alien-human encounter and the participants had to judge the likelihood (on a 7-point scale) that the alien had a non-phenomenal state (a belief) and the likelihood that it could have a phenomenal state (pain). The fifth group, as a control, read a vignette about a similar interaction between two humans. We found that, as appropriate functional and behavioral cues and then humanoid features are added to the alien, people are more willing to attribute a phenomenal state to it. Attributions of the non-phenomenal state are primarily dependent on the appropriate functional and behavioral cues, not on having humanoid features.","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have investigated the connections between university learning environments and academic burnout, as well as between university learning environments and academic shame among students. Also, burnout and shame are related. However, no empirical studies have been conducted to determine the relationships between the university environment, academic shame, and academic burnout among pre-service teachers. To examine this issue, the present study assessed a hypothesized model examining the relationship between the university environment and academic burnout through academic shame as a mediator among pre-service teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, 700 pre-service teachers (114 males and 586 females from the Faculty of Education at Helwan University) were randomly selected for an invitation to complete a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS to develop operating descriptive results. Confirmatory factor analysis was adopted to ensure the construct validity of the instruments used. AMOS software was used to validate the structural equation model (SEM) created using maximum likelihood estimation. The resulting model had a good fit to the data, according to the SEM analysis. The significant standard coefficients of the drawn paths indicated that components of the university environment directly and negatively predicted academic burnout and its components. Also, academic shame directly and positively predicted academic burnout and its components during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the components of the university environment had an indirect effect on academic burnout and its components through the mediation of academic shame during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications are considered, and recommendations are proposed for future research.
{"title":"Components of the university learning environment, academic burnout, and shame among pre-service teachers: A structural equation modelling approach","authors":"Mai Elsayed Khalifa","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.06","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have investigated the connections between university learning environments and academic burnout, as well as between university learning environments and academic shame among students. Also, burnout and shame are related. However, no empirical studies have been conducted to determine the relationships between the university environment, academic shame, and academic burnout among pre-service teachers. To examine this issue, the present study assessed a hypothesized model examining the relationship between the university environment and academic burnout through academic shame as a mediator among pre-service teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, 700 pre-service teachers (114 males and 586 females from the Faculty of Education at Helwan University) were randomly selected for an invitation to complete a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS to develop operating descriptive results. Confirmatory factor analysis was adopted to ensure the construct validity of the instruments used. AMOS software was used to validate the structural equation model (SEM) created using maximum likelihood estimation. The resulting model had a good fit to the data, according to the SEM analysis. The significant standard coefficients of the drawn paths indicated that components of the university environment directly and negatively predicted academic burnout and its components. Also, academic shame directly and positively predicted academic burnout and its components during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the components of the university environment had an indirect effect on academic burnout and its components through the mediation of academic shame during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications are considered, and recommendations are proposed for future research.","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inhibitory control exhibits a significant correlation with overall cognitive abilities. Past research largely measured disinhibition using experimental protocols, predominantly featuring healthy or youthful participants, or caregiver-supplied information, potentially neglecting an objective assessment of pronounced disinhibition within a naturalistic context. We posit that the observation of prominent disinhibition behaviors across various cognitive assessment tasks provides an objective measurement of innate disinhibition, bypassing the need for participant awareness or concentrated effort toward inhibition. The present study, designed as a secondary analysis of prior research, aims to explore the relationship between cognitive functions and observed disinhibition behavior during cognitive testing in patients exhibiting cognitive impairment symptoms. A retrospective analysis was performed on the records of 224 patients' cognitive tests, including recorded disinhibition behavior, without employing any exclusion criteria. Findings revealed that patients demonstrating at least one instance of disinhibition during testing presented significantly lower overall cognitive functions, excluding long-term memory, than their counterparts without disinhibition. Notably, multiple regression analysis identified comprehension and conceptualization abilities as significant predictors of disinhibition severity. These findings, aligning with earlier research, serve to strengthen the credibility of previous studies on this topic.
{"title":"The relationship between cognitive functions and disinhibition: Observations of cognitively impaired patients","authors":"Naohiko Yamagami, Chiyoko Nagai, Fumiaki Saito, Masahiro Sonoo","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.11","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibitory control exhibits a significant correlation with overall cognitive abilities. Past research largely measured disinhibition using experimental protocols, predominantly featuring healthy or youthful participants, or caregiver-supplied information, potentially neglecting an objective assessment of pronounced disinhibition within a naturalistic context. We posit that the observation of prominent disinhibition behaviors across various cognitive assessment tasks provides an objective measurement of innate disinhibition, bypassing the need for participant awareness or concentrated effort toward inhibition. The present study, designed as a secondary analysis of prior research, aims to explore the relationship between cognitive functions and observed disinhibition behavior during cognitive testing in patients exhibiting cognitive impairment symptoms. A retrospective analysis was performed on the records of 224 patients' cognitive tests, including recorded disinhibition behavior, without employing any exclusion criteria. Findings revealed that patients demonstrating at least one instance of disinhibition during testing presented significantly lower overall cognitive functions, excluding long-term memory, than their counterparts without disinhibition. Notably, multiple regression analysis identified comprehension and conceptualization abilities as significant predictors of disinhibition severity. These findings, aligning with earlier research, serve to strengthen the credibility of previous studies on this topic.","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of quality of life (QoL) among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Specifically, this study investigated how decision-making, personality factors, and resilience are related to the QoL of patients with CVDs. 168 patients with CVDs were selected from the Salem district of Tamil Nadu state in India through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a survey. Correlation analysis revealed that physical health, psychological health, and environmental dimensions of QoL were significantly related to extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness factors of personality. Further, multiple regression analysis revealed that resilience and certain dimensions of decision-making such as control and social resistance significantly predicted the QoL of patients with CVDs. This study provides an understanding of individual factors that predicted the QoL of CVDs patients.
{"title":"Predictors of Quality of Life among Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases","authors":"K. Suryasree, Subramanian Kadhiravan","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.04","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of quality of life (QoL) among patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Specifically, this study investigated how decision-making, personality factors, and resilience are related to the QoL of patients with CVDs. 168 patients with CVDs were selected from the Salem district of Tamil Nadu state in India through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a survey. Correlation analysis revealed that physical health, psychological health, and environmental dimensions of QoL were significantly related to extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness factors of personality. Further, multiple regression analysis revealed that resilience and certain dimensions of decision-making such as control and social resistance significantly predicted the QoL of patients with CVDs. This study provides an understanding of individual factors that predicted the QoL of CVDs patients.","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74887536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vulnerable narcissism has been associated with the tendency to seek revenge after the individuals perceive certain responses from others, either verbal or behavioral, as attacks to their self-esteem. However, less is known about the multiple possible sources of prolonged and/or repeated vengeance-seeking behaviors, most scientific articles focusing on the direct, in vivo potentially ego-threatening communication with the narcissistic individual. The current study aimed to explore the degree to which the nature of autobiographical interpersonal memories influences the intensity of the revenge tendency in a sample of 67 subjects with a higher level of vulnerable narcissistic traits, who were randomized in three conditions. The main hypothesis was that negative memories (represented by social situations in which the individual has been discredited) would lead to a greater endorsement of vengeance-related assumptions, while positive memories (represented by moments when praise was received) to a lower vengeance tendency (as measured with the same specific instrument in both cases). Statistically significant differences were observed between the positive event recall condition and the negative event recall one, participants in the latter group scoring significantly higher on the instrument measuring the vengeance tendency. Lower scores on the Vengeance Scale were observed, as predicted, in the positive event recall group. These results have the potential of adding to the existing literature a new perspective on this cognitive facet of vulnerable narcissistic individuals, helping to adjust the expectations about themselves even more. Such results may also help shift the focus on what can be done for defending the victims of possibly inevitable vengeful behaviors manifested by narcissists.
{"title":"Never Forgive, Never Forget: The effect of the valence of autobiographical memories on the vengeance tendency of individuals with vulnerable narcissistic traits: A pilot study","authors":"Teona Maria Coșa, G. Visu","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.02","url":null,"abstract":"Vulnerable narcissism has been associated with the tendency to seek revenge after the individuals perceive certain responses from others, either verbal or behavioral, as attacks to their self-esteem. However, less is known about the multiple possible sources of prolonged and/or repeated vengeance-seeking behaviors, most scientific articles focusing on the direct, in vivo potentially ego-threatening communication with the narcissistic individual. The current study aimed to explore the degree to which the nature of autobiographical interpersonal memories influences the intensity of the revenge tendency in a sample of 67 subjects with a higher level of vulnerable narcissistic traits, who were randomized in three conditions. The main hypothesis was that negative memories (represented by social situations in which the individual has been discredited) would lead to a greater endorsement of vengeance-related assumptions, while positive memories (represented by moments when praise was received) to a lower vengeance tendency (as measured with the same specific instrument in both cases). Statistically significant differences were observed between the positive event recall condition and the negative event recall one, participants in the latter group scoring significantly higher on the instrument measuring the vengeance tendency. Lower scores on the Vengeance Scale were observed, as predicted, in the positive event recall group. These results have the potential of adding to the existing literature a new perspective on this cognitive facet of vulnerable narcissistic individuals, helping to adjust the expectations about themselves even more. Such results may also help shift the focus on what can be done for defending the victims of possibly inevitable vengeful behaviors manifested by narcissists.","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81436580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of self-reported physical activity with cognitive function in young adults","authors":"Srinivas Pachava, S. Shenoy","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83296920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functions are related to short-term recall (short-term memory), information manipulation (working memory), and complex cognitive processing. Common tasks include serial recall, manipulation with recall (e.g., n-back), inhibitory control (e.g., Go/No-go), and planning (e.g., Tower of London). Acute alcohol consumption can result in poorer recall, altered spatial recognition, changes in attentional allocation, and reduced planning, task-switching, and cognitive flexibility. However, it is possible that the type of task used may result in equivocal outcomes. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the different tasks used in the study of the effect of alcohol on short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functioning tasks. Nineteen studies were included with between-group, within-group repeated measures, and mixed factorial designs with various alcohol dosages. Findings of the included studies suggested that the impact of acute alcohol consumption on short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functioning tasks is equivocal. Discrepancies existed between visuospatial and verbal tasks and between array versus sequential recall tasks. Cognitive load may not be significantly affected but could be important in complex sequencing tasks. Deliberation times and response inhibition appear to be negatively affected, possibly due to thinking time rather than reduced performance. This suggests that most studies have not separated short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functions. These modalities may be differently affected by alcohol consumption. In general, further research using consistent, specific methods is required to enhance comparability of studies and clearly demarcate the effects of alcohol on these processes.
{"title":"The effects of alcohol on short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functioning tasks: A scoping review","authors":"Ingrid Opperman, K. Cockcroft","doi":"10.24193/cbb.2023.27.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/cbb.2023.27.05","url":null,"abstract":"Short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functions are related to short-term recall (short-term memory), information manipulation (working memory), and complex cognitive processing. Common tasks include serial recall, manipulation with recall (e.g., n-back), inhibitory control (e.g., Go/No-go), and planning (e.g., Tower of London). Acute alcohol consumption can result in poorer recall, altered spatial recognition, changes in attentional allocation, and reduced planning, task-switching, and cognitive flexibility. However, it is possible that the type of task used may result in equivocal outcomes. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the different tasks used in the study of the effect of alcohol on short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functioning tasks. Nineteen studies were included with between-group, within-group repeated measures, and mixed factorial designs with various alcohol dosages. Findings of the included studies suggested that the impact of acute alcohol consumption on short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functioning tasks is equivocal. Discrepancies existed between visuospatial and verbal tasks and between array versus sequential recall tasks. Cognitive load may not be significantly affected but could be important in complex sequencing tasks. Deliberation times and response inhibition appear to be negatively affected, possibly due to thinking time rather than reduced performance. This suggests that most studies have not separated short-term memory, working memory, and other executive functions. These modalities may be differently affected by alcohol consumption. In general, further research using consistent, specific methods is required to enhance comparability of studies and clearly demarcate the effects of alcohol on these processes.","PeriodicalId":37371,"journal":{"name":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83316647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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