Thermal stable and proteinase-K resistant insecticidal toxins produced by Photorhabdus luminescens

Photorhabdus is lives in a mutualistic association with nematodes from the family Heterorhabditis. Bacteria of the Photorhabdus can survive independently and cause toxicity in a larger variety of insects. In the present study, insecticidal activity of non-portentous heat-stable metabolites of Photorhabdus luminescens was evaluated against Galleria mellonella. For this purpose, the culture extract of P. luminescens was injected into the G. mellonella larvae, which killed almost 90% of larvae within 48 h. The extract showed 100% insecticidal activity after heat treatment of 70 C for 30 min and even 60% and 40% activity lasted at 80 C and 90 C respectively. The extract also showed a high degree of thermal stability and was 100% actives after 60 min at 70 C. In addition, insecticidal activity was preserved up to 100% after all proteinase-K treatments (0 ?g/mL to 50 ?g/mL). The results revealed that the extracts were non-portentous and showed high thermal resistance and stability. Keywords: Photorhabdus, insecticidal activity, toxins, heat stable non-proteinaceous