来自高卢北部圣谢龙东日耳曼传统的腓骨语(罗马晚期-移民时期)

Q4 Arts and Humanities Arheologia Moldovei Pub Date : 2022-03-23 DOI:10.15407/arheologia2022.01.039
M. Kazanski
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Such fibulae are especially typical for the Cherniakhiv culture, that is, for the German and non-German population, identified with the Goths and their allies. In the Cherniakhiv area, such fasteners are best represented in its western part, to the west of the Dniester. That is, in the territory where, according to written sources, Visigoths are localized. These brooches are also found, although much less frequently at the sites of the Wielbark and Przeworsk cultures in the Vistula basin, which also belonged to the East Germans. These fasteners in Eastern and Central Europe are dated by the 3rd—4-th centuries. The fibula from the Saint-Chiron burial ground differs from the «eastern» analogs of the Roman time by the rounded section of the back, while in Eastern and Central Europe similar fibulae have a back in the shape of a flattened faceted rod or plate. It seems that the Cherniakhiv, Welbark and Przeworsk brooches are the prototypes of agrafes from the Northern Gaul. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

在罗马晚期和大迁徙时期的开始,在西罗马帝国的领土上,特别是在高卢北部,发现了一系列物品——主要是属于东德的腓骨和梳子,主要是切尔尼亚克夫的传统。其中,在法国沙特尔(Chartres)圣谢隆(Saint-Cheron)墓地的一个墓葬(第94号)中发现了两枚带有扩展茎的编织弓弩胸针,以及两枚带有扩展茎的支撑弓弩胸针。它们是罗马晚期Ambros 16/4-III型紧固件的衍生物。在从波罗的海到黑海的广阔地理区域内,类似的紧固件在罗马时代晚期相当有代表性。这样的腓骨在切尔尼亚克夫文化中尤其典型,也就是说,对于德国和非德国人口来说,与哥特人和他们的盟友认同。在切尔尼亚戈夫地区,这种紧固件在其西部,在德涅斯特以西最具代表性。也就是说,根据书面资料,在西哥特人本地化的领土上。这些胸针也被发现,尽管在维斯瓦盆地的Wielbark和Przeworsk文化遗址中发现的频率要低得多,这也属于东德。这些东欧和中欧的紧固件可以追溯到3 - 4世纪。来自圣凯龙墓地的腓骨与罗马时代的“东方”类似物的不同之处在于背部的圆形部分,而在东欧和中欧,类似的腓骨的背部呈扁平的多面杆或板的形状。Cherniakhiv, Welbark和Przeworsk胸针似乎是来自北高卢的agrafes的原型。关于大迁徙时期,主要是在5世纪,来自Ambroz 16/4-III的弓弩腓骨是罕见的,并且在其原型的主要分布区域之外得到了证明:在黑海东北部(1个地点),在西班牙(1个地点),在意大利(1个地点),特别是在高卢(3个地点)。Ambroz 16/4-III型腓骨骨及其衍生物主要发现于罗马时期和大迁徙时期哥特人的活动区域,位于维斯瓦河、黑海和伊比利亚半岛之间。在其他地方发现的少数这种类型的腓骨,例如在北高卢,可能证明了孤立的个体的迁移。的确,在圣-切姆松墓中,那对腓骨在胸腔上的位置,与罗马时代东德人所采用的位置完全一致。
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Fibulae of East Germanic Tradition From Saint-Cheron in Northern Gaul (Late Roman Period — Migration Period)
For the late Roman Period and the beginning of the Great Migration Period on the territory of the Western Roman Empire, and in particular in Northern Gaul, a series of items was revealed — primarily fibulae and combs that belonged to the East German, and primarily Cherniakhiv tradition. Among them there are two braided crossbow brooches with an extended stem, found in one of the burials (No. 94) of the Saint-Cheron burial ground in Chartres (France), and two braced crossbow brooches with an expanded stem. They are derivatives of the Ambros 16/4-III type fasteners from the late Roman period. Similar fasteners in the late Roman time are quite well represented in a wide geographic zone from the Baltic to the Black Sea. Such fibulae are especially typical for the Cherniakhiv culture, that is, for the German and non-German population, identified with the Goths and their allies. In the Cherniakhiv area, such fasteners are best represented in its western part, to the west of the Dniester. That is, in the territory where, according to written sources, Visigoths are localized. These brooches are also found, although much less frequently at the sites of the Wielbark and Przeworsk cultures in the Vistula basin, which also belonged to the East Germans. These fasteners in Eastern and Central Europe are dated by the 3rd—4-th centuries. The fibula from the Saint-Chiron burial ground differs from the «eastern» analogs of the Roman time by the rounded section of the back, while in Eastern and Central Europe similar fibulae have a back in the shape of a flattened faceted rod or plate. It seems that the Cherniakhiv, Welbark and Przeworsk brooches are the prototypes of agrafes from the Northern Gaul. Concerning the time of the Great Migrations, mainly for the 5th century, crossbow fibulae derived from those of Ambroz 16/4-III are rare and attested outside of the main area of distribution of their prototypes: in the North-East of the Black Sea (1 site), in Spain (1 site), in Italy (1 site) and especially in Gaul (3 sites). Fibulae of the Ambroz 16/4-III type and their derivatives were found mainly in the area of activity of the Goths during the Roman Period and the Great Migrations, between the Vistula, the Black Sea and the Iberian Peninsula. The few fibulae of this type discovered elsewhere, in the Northern Gaul, for instance, probably attest to the displacement of isolated individuals. Indeed, in the tomb of Saint-Chéron, the position of the pair of fibulae, on the thorax, is entirely in accordance with that adopted by the Eastern Germans in Roman times.
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来源期刊
Arheologia Moldovei
Arheologia Moldovei Arts and Humanities-Archeology (arts and humanities)
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期刊介绍: Arheologia Moldovei is one of the most prestigious Romanian scientific journals in the field of Archaeology, issued since 1961 by the Institute of Archaeology in Iasi, under the aegis of the Romanian Academy. Since 1990 the issues of the journal are published yearly. The journal publishes larger studies, papers, as well as notes and reviews pertaining to all fields of Archaeology, in terms of both chronology (from prehistory to the Middle Ages) and thematic (from theoretical essays to excavation reports and archaeometry). The languages of publication are English, German, French and Romanian (the latter with with larger English abstracts).
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